269 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
269 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: default
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title: LDAP
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parent: Authentication Backends
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grand_parent: Configuration
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nav_order: 2
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---
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# LDAP
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**Authelia** supports using a LDAP server as the users database.
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## Configuration
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```yaml
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authentication_backend:
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disable_reset_password: false
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refresh_interval: 5m
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ldap:
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implementation: custom
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url: ldap://127.0.0.1
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timeout: 5s
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start_tls: false
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tls:
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server_name: ldap.example.com
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skip_verify: false
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minimum_version: TLS1.2
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base_dn: DC=example,DC=com
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username_attribute: uid
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additional_users_dn: ou=users
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users_filter: (&({username_attribute}={input})(objectClass=person))
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additional_groups_dn: ou=groups
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groups_filter: (&(member={dn})(objectClass=groupOfNames))
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group_name_attribute: cn
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mail_attribute: mail
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display_name_attribute: displayName
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user: CN=admin,DC=example,DC=com
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password: password
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```
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## Options
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### implementation
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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default: custom
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{: .label .label-config .label-blue }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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Configures the LDAP implementation used by Authelia.
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See the [Implementation Guide](#implementation-guide) for information.
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### url
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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required: yes
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{: .label .label-config .label-red }
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</div>
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The LDAP URL which consists of a scheme, address, and port. Format is `<scheme>://<address>:<port>` or
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`<scheme>://<address>` where scheme is either `ldap` or `ldaps`.
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If utilising an IPv6 literal address it must be enclosed by square brackets:
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```yaml
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url: ldap://[fd00:1111:2222:3333::1]
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```
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### timeout
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<div markdown="1">
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type: duration
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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default: 5s
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{: .label .label-config .label-blue }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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The timeout for dialing an LDAP connection.
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### start_tls
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<div markdown="1">
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type: boolean
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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default: false
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{: .label .label-config .label-blue }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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Enables use of the LDAP StartTLS process which is not commonly used. You should only configure this if you know you need
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it. The initial connection will be over plain text, and Authelia will try to upgrade it with the LDAP server. LDAPS
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URL's are slightly more secure.
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### tls
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Controls the TLS connection validation process. You can see how to configure the tls
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section [here](../index.md#tls-configuration).
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### base_dn
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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required: yes
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{: .label .label-config .label-red }
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</div>
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Sets the base distinguished name container for all LDAP queries. If your LDAP domain is example.com this is usually
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`dc=example,dc=com`, however you can fine tune this to be more specific for example to only include objects inside the
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authelia OU: `ou=authelia,dc=example,dc=com`. This is prefixed with the [additional_users_dn](#additional_users_dn) for
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user searches and [additional_groups_dn](#additional_groups_dn) for groups searches.
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### username_attribute
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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The LDAP attribute that maps to the username in Authelia. The default value is dependent on the [implementation](#implementation),
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refer to the [attribute defaults](#attribute-defaults) for more information.
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### additional_users_dn
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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Additional LDAP path to append to the [base_dn](#base_dn) when searching for users. Useful if you want to restrict
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exactly which OU to get users from for either security or performance reasons. For example setting it to
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`ou=users,ou=people` with a base_dn set to `dc=example,dc=com` will mean user searches will occur in
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`ou=users,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com`. The default value is dependent on the [implementation](#implementation), refer
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to the [attribute defaults](#attribute-defaults) for more information.
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### users_filter
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<div markdown="1">
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type: string
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{: .label .label-config .label-purple }
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required: no
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{: .label .label-config .label-green }
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</div>
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The LDAP filter to narrow down which users are valid. This is important to set correctly as to exclude disabled users.
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The default value is dependent on the [implementation](#implementation), refer to the
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[attribute defaults](#attribute-defaults) for more information.
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### additional_groups_dn
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Similar to [additional_users_dn](#additional_users_dn) but it applies to group searches.
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### groups_filter
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Similar to [users_filter](#users_filter) but it applies to group searches. In order to include groups the memeber is not
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a direct member of, but is a member of another group that is a member of those (i.e. recursive groups), you may try
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using the following filter which is currently only tested against Microsoft Active Directory:
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`(&(member:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:={dn})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))`
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### mail_attribute
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The attribute to retrieve which contains the users email addresses. This is important for the device registration and
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password reset processes.
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The user must have an email address in order for Authelia to perform
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identity verification when a user attempts to reset their password or
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register a second factor device.
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### display_name_attribute
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The attribute to retrieve which is shown on the Web UI to the user when they log in.
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### user
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The distinguished name of the user paired with the password to bind with for lookup and password change operations.
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### password
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The password of the user paired with the user to bind with for lookup and password change operations.
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Can also be defined using a [secret](../secrets.md) which is the recommended for containerized deployments.
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## Implementation Guide
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There are currently two implementations, `custom` and `activedirectory`. The `activedirectory` implementation
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must be used if you wish to allow users to change or reset their password as Active Directory
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uses a custom attribute for this, and an input format other implementations do not use. The long term
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intention of this is to have logical defaults for various RFC implementations of LDAP.
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### Filter replacements
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Various replacements occur in the user and groups filter. The replacements either occur at startup or upon an LDAP
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search.
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#### Users filter replacements
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|Placeholder |Phase |Replacement |
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|:----------------------:|:-----:|:--------------------------------------------------------------:|
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|{username_attribute} |startup|The configured username attribute |
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|{mail_attribute} |startup|The configured mail attribute |
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|{display_name_attribute}|startup|The configured display name attribute |
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|{input} |search |The input into the username field |
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#### Groups filter replacements
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|Placeholder |Phase |Replacement |
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|:----------------------:|:-----:|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------:|
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|{input} |search |The input into the username field |
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|{username} |search |The username from the profile lookup obtained from the username attribute |
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|{dn} |search |The distinguished name from the profile lookup |
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### Defaults
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The below tables describes the current attribute defaults for each implementation.
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#### Attribute defaults
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This table describes the attribute defaults for each implementation. i.e. the username_attribute is
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described by the Username column.
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|Implementation |Username |Display Name|Mail |Group Name|
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|:-------------:|:------------:|:----------:|:---:|:--------:|
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|custom |n/a |displayName |mail |cn |
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|activedirectory|sAMAccountName|displayName |mail |cn |
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#### Filter defaults
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The filters are probably the most important part to get correct when setting up LDAP.
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You want to exclude disabled accounts. The active directory example has two attribute
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filters that accomplish this as an example (more examples would be appreciated). The
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userAccountControl filter checks that the account is not disabled and the pwdLastSet
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makes sure that value is not 0 which means the password requires changing at the next login.
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|Implementation |Users Filter |Groups Filter|
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|:-------------:|:------------:|:-----------:|
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|custom |n/a |n/a |
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|activedirectory|(&(|({username_attribute}={input})({mail_attribute}={input}))(sAMAccountType=805306368)(!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))(!(pwdLastSet=0)))|(&(member={dn})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))|
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_**Note:**_ The Active Directory filter `(sAMAccountType=805306368)` is exactly the same as
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`(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user))` except that the former is more performant, you can read more about this
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and other Active Directory filters on the [TechNet wiki](https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/5392.active-directory-ldap-syntax-filters.aspx).
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## Refresh Interval
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This setting takes a [duration notation](../index.md#duration-notation-format) that sets the max frequency
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for how often Authelia contacts the backend to verify the user still exists and that the groups stored
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in the session are up to date. This allows us to destroy sessions when the user no longer matches the
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user_filter, or deny access to resources as they are removed from groups.
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In addition to the duration notation, you may provide the value `always` or `disable`. Setting to `always`
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is the same as setting it to 0 which will refresh on every request, `disable` turns the feature off, which is
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not recommended. This completely prevents Authelia from refreshing this information, and it would only be
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refreshed when the user session gets destroyed by other means like inactivity, session expiration or logging
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out and in.
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This value can be any value including 0, setting it to 0 would automatically refresh the session on
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every single request. This means Authelia will have to contact the LDAP backend every time an element
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on a page loads which could be substantially costly. It's a trade-off between load and security that
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you should adapt according to your own security policy.
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## Important notes
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Users must be uniquely identified by an attribute, this attribute must obviously contain a single value and
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be guaranteed by the administrator to be unique. If multiple users have the same value, Authelia will simply
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fail authenticating the user and display an error message in the logs.
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In order to avoid such problems, we highly recommended you follow https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2307.txt by using
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`sAMAccountName` for Active Directory and `uid` for other implementations as the attribute holding the
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unique identifier for your users.
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As of versions > `4.24.0` the `users_filter` must include the `username_attribute` placeholder, not including this will
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result in Authelia throwing an error.
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In versions <= `4.24.0` not including the `username_attribute` placeholder will cause issues with the session refresh
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and will result in session resets when the refresh interval has expired, default of 5 minutes.
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[LDAP GeneralizedTime]: https://ldapwiki.com/wiki/GeneralizedTime
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[username attribute]: #username_attribute
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[TechNet wiki]: https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/5392.active-directory-ldap-syntax-filters.aspx
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