feat(commands): add access-control check-policy command (#2871)

This adds an access-control command that checks the policy enforcement for a given criteria using a configuration file and refactors the configuration validation command to include all configuration sources.

docs/configuration/index.md

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ upgrading to prevent configuration changes from impacting downtime in an upgrade
 integrations, it only checks that your configuration syntax is valid.
 
 ```console
-$ authelia validate-config configuration.yml
+$ authelia validate-config --config configuration.yml
 ```
 
 # Duration Notation Format

internal/authorization/access_control_rule.go

@@ -124,12 +124,23 @@ func isMatchForNetworks(subject Subject, acl *AccessControlRule) (match bool) {
 	return false
 }
 
+// Same as isExactMatchForSubjects except it theoretically matches if subject is anonymous since they'd need to authenticate.
 func isMatchForSubjects(subject Subject, acl *AccessControlRule) (match bool) {
-	// If there are no subjects in this rule then the subject condition is a match.
+	if subject.IsAnonymous() {
-	if len(acl.Subjects) == 0 || subject.IsAnonymous() {
 		return true
 	}
 
+	return isExactMatchForSubjects(subject, acl)
+}
+
+func isExactMatchForSubjects(subject Subject, acl *AccessControlRule) (match bool) {
+	// If there are no subjects in this rule then the subject condition is a match.
+	if len(acl.Subjects) == 0 {
+		return true
+	} else if subject.IsAnonymous() {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	// Iterate over the subjects until we find a match (return true) or until we exit the loop (return false).
 	for _, subjectRule := range acl.Subjects {
 		if subjectRule.IsMatch(subject) {

internal/authorization/authorizer.go

@@ -66,3 +66,28 @@ func (p Authorizer) GetRequiredLevel(subject Subject, object Object) Level {
 
 	return p.defaultPolicy
 }
+
+// GetRuleMatchResults iterates through the rules and produces a list of RuleMatchResult provided a subject and object.
+func (p Authorizer) GetRuleMatchResults(subject Subject, object Object) (results []RuleMatchResult) {
+	skipped := false
+
+	results = make([]RuleMatchResult, len(p.rules))
+
+	for i, rule := range p.rules {
+		results[i] = RuleMatchResult{
+			Rule:    rule,
+			Skipped: skipped,
+
+			MatchDomain:        isMatchForDomains(subject, object, rule),
+			MatchResources:     isMatchForResources(object, rule),
+			MatchMethods:       isMatchForMethods(object, rule),
+			MatchNetworks:      isMatchForNetworks(subject, rule),
+			MatchSubjects:      isMatchForSubjects(subject, rule),
+			MatchSubjectsExact: isExactMatchForSubjects(subject, rule),
+		}
+
+		skipped = skipped || results[i].IsMatch()
+	}
+
+	return results
+}

internal/authorization/authorizer_test.go

@@ -31,20 +31,23 @@ func NewAuthorizerTester(config schema.AccessControlConfiguration) *AuthorizerTe
 }
 
 func (s *AuthorizerTester) CheckAuthorizations(t *testing.T, subject Subject, requestURI, method string, expectedLevel Level) {
-	url, _ := url.ParseRequestURI(requestURI)
+	targetURL, _ := url.ParseRequestURI(requestURI)
 
-	object := Object{
+	object := NewObject(targetURL, method)
-		Scheme: url.Scheme,
-		Domain: url.Hostname(),
-		Path:   url.Path,
-		Method: method,
-	}
 
 	level := s.GetRequiredLevel(subject, object)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedLevel, level)
 }
 
+func (s *AuthorizerTester) GetRuleMatchResults(subject Subject, requestURI, method string) (results []RuleMatchResult) {
+	targetURL, _ := url.ParseRequestURI(requestURI)
+
+	object := NewObject(targetURL, method)
+
+	return s.Authorizer.GetRuleMatchResults(subject, object)
+}
+
 type AuthorizerTesterBuilder struct {
 	config schema.AccessControlConfiguration
 }
@@ -481,6 +484,59 @@ func (s *AuthorizerSuite) TestShouldMatchResourceWithSubjectRules() {
 	tester.CheckAuthorizations(s.T(), John, "https://private.example.com", "GET", TwoFactor)
 	tester.CheckAuthorizations(s.T(), Bob, "https://private.example.com", "GET", Denied)
 	tester.CheckAuthorizations(s.T(), AnonymousUser, "https://private.example.com", "GET", TwoFactor)
+
+	results := tester.GetRuleMatchResults(John, "https://private.example.com", "GET")
+
+	require.Len(s.T(), results, 7)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[0].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[0].MatchDomain)
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[0].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[0].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[0].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[0].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[1].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[1].MatchDomain)
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[1].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[1].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[1].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[1].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[2].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[2].MatchDomain)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[2].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[2].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[2].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[2].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[3].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[3].MatchDomain)
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[3].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[3].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[3].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[3].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[4].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[4].MatchDomain)
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[4].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[4].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[4].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[4].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[5].IsMatch())
+	assert.False(s.T(), results[5].MatchDomain)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[5].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[5].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[5].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[5].MatchMethods)
+
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].IsMatch())
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].MatchDomain)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].MatchResources)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].MatchSubjects)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].MatchNetworks)
+	assert.True(s.T(), results[6].MatchMethods)
 }
 
 func (s *AuthorizerSuite) TestPolicyToLevel() {

internal/authorization/types.go

@@ -58,3 +58,27 @@ func NewObject(targetURL *url.URL, method string) (object Object) {
 
 	return object
 }
+
+// RuleMatchResult describes how well a rule matched a subject/object combo.
+type RuleMatchResult struct {
+	Rule *AccessControlRule
+
+	Skipped bool
+
+	MatchDomain        bool
+	MatchResources     bool
+	MatchMethods       bool
+	MatchNetworks      bool
+	MatchSubjects      bool
+	MatchSubjectsExact bool
+}
+
+// IsMatch returns true if all the criteria matched.
+func (r RuleMatchResult) IsMatch() (match bool) {
+	return r.MatchDomain && r.MatchResources && r.MatchMethods && r.MatchNetworks && r.MatchSubjectsExact
+}
+
+// IsPotentialMatch returns true if the rule is potentially a match.
+func (r RuleMatchResult) IsPotentialMatch() (match bool) {
+	return r.MatchDomain && r.MatchResources && r.MatchMethods && r.MatchNetworks && r.MatchSubjects && !r.MatchSubjectsExact
+}

internal/authorization/util.go

@@ -25,6 +25,22 @@ func PolicyToLevel(policy string) Level {
 	return Denied
 }
 
+// LevelToPolicy converts a int authorization level to string policy.
+func LevelToPolicy(level Level) (policy string) {
+	switch level {
+	case Bypass:
+		return bypass
+	case OneFactor:
+		return oneFactor
+	case TwoFactor:
+		return twoFactor
+	case Denied:
+		return deny
+	}
+
+	return deny
+}
+
 func schemaSubjectToACLSubject(subjectRule string) (subject AccessControlSubject) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(subjectRule, userPrefix) {
 		user := strings.Trim(subjectRule[len(userPrefix):], " ")

internal/commands/acl.go

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/authorization"
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration"
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/validator"
+)
+
+func newAccessControlCommand() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	cmd = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "access-control",
+		Short: "Helpers for the access control system",
+	}
+
+	cmd.AddCommand(
+		newAccessControlCheckCommand(),
+	)
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func newAccessControlCheckCommand() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	cmd = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "check-policy",
+		Short: "Checks a request against the access control rules to determine what policy would be applied",
+		Long:  accessControlPolicyCheckLong,
+		RunE:  accessControlCheckRunE,
+	}
+
+	cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd, false, []string{"config.yml"})
+
+	cmd.Flags().String("url", "", "the url of the object")
+	cmd.Flags().String("method", "GET", "the HTTP method of the object")
+	cmd.Flags().String("username", "", "the username of the subject")
+	cmd.Flags().StringSlice("groups", nil, "the groups of the subject")
+	cmd.Flags().String("ip", "", "the ip of the subject")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "enables verbose output")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func accessControlCheckRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) (err error) {
+	configs, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("config")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	sources := make([]configuration.Source, len(configs)+2)
+
+	for i, path := range configs {
+		sources[i] = configuration.NewYAMLFileSource(path)
+	}
+
+	sources[0+len(configs)] = configuration.NewEnvironmentSource(configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, configuration.DefaultEnvDelimiter)
+	sources[1+len(configs)] = configuration.NewSecretsSource(configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, configuration.DefaultEnvDelimiter)
+
+	val := schema.NewStructValidator()
+
+	accessControlConfig := &schema.Configuration{}
+
+	if _, err = configuration.LoadAdvanced(val, "access_control", &accessControlConfig.AccessControl, sources...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	v := schema.NewStructValidator()
+
+	validator.ValidateAccessControl(accessControlConfig, v)
+
+	if v.HasErrors() || v.HasWarnings() {
+		return errors.New("your configuration has errors")
+	}
+
+	authorizer := authorization.NewAuthorizer(accessControlConfig)
+
+	subject, object, err := getSubjectAndObjectFromFlags(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	results := authorizer.GetRuleMatchResults(subject, object)
+
+	if len(results) == 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("\nThe default policy '%s' will be applied to ALL requests as no rules are configured.\n\n", accessControlConfig.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	verbose, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	accessControlCheckWriteOutput(object, subject, results, accessControlConfig.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy, verbose)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func accessControlCheckWriteObjectSubject(object authorization.Object, subject authorization.Subject) {
+	output := strings.Builder{}
+
+	output.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Performing policy check for request to '%s'", object.String()))
+
+	if object.Method != "" {
+		output.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" method '%s'", object.Method))
+	}
+
+	if subject.Username != "" {
+		output.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" username '%s'", subject.Username))
+	}
+
+	if len(subject.Groups) != 0 {
+		output.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" groups '%s'", strings.Join(subject.Groups, ",")))
+	}
+
+	if subject.IP != nil {
+		output.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" from IP '%s'", subject.IP.String()))
+	}
+
+	output.WriteString(".\n")
+
+	fmt.Println(output.String())
+}
+
+func accessControlCheckWriteOutput(object authorization.Object, subject authorization.Subject, results []authorization.RuleMatchResult, defaultPolicy string, verbose bool) {
+	accessControlCheckWriteObjectSubject(object, subject)
+
+	fmt.Printf("  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+
+	var (
+		appliedPos int
+		applied    authorization.RuleMatchResult
+
+		potentialPos int
+		potential    authorization.RuleMatchResult
+	)
+
+	for i, result := range results {
+		if result.Skipped && !verbose {
+			break
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case result.IsMatch() && !result.Skipped:
+			appliedPos, applied = i+1, result
+
+			fmt.Printf("* %d\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", i+1, hitMissMay(result.MatchDomain), hitMissMay(result.MatchResources), hitMissMay(result.MatchMethods), hitMissMay(result.MatchNetworks), hitMissMay(result.MatchSubjects, result.MatchSubjectsExact))
+		case result.IsPotentialMatch() && !result.Skipped:
+			if potentialPos == 0 {
+				potentialPos, potential = i+1, result
+			}
+
+			fmt.Printf("~ %d\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", i+1, hitMissMay(result.MatchDomain), hitMissMay(result.MatchResources), hitMissMay(result.MatchMethods), hitMissMay(result.MatchNetworks), hitMissMay(result.MatchSubjects, result.MatchSubjectsExact))
+		default:
+			fmt.Printf("  %d\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t%s\n", i+1, hitMissMay(result.MatchDomain), hitMissMay(result.MatchResources), hitMissMay(result.MatchMethods), hitMissMay(result.MatchNetworks), hitMissMay(result.MatchSubjects, result.MatchSubjectsExact))
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case appliedPos != 0 && (potentialPos == 0 || (potentialPos > appliedPos)):
+		fmt.Printf("\nThe policy '%s' from rule #%d will be applied to this request.\n\n", authorization.LevelToPolicy(applied.Rule.Policy), appliedPos)
+	case potentialPos != 0 && appliedPos != 0:
+		fmt.Printf("\nThe policy '%s' from rule #%d will potentially be applied to this request. If not policy '%s' from rule #%d will be.\n\n", authorization.LevelToPolicy(potential.Rule.Policy), potentialPos, authorization.LevelToPolicy(applied.Rule.Policy), appliedPos)
+	case potentialPos != 0:
+		fmt.Printf("\nThe policy '%s' from rule #%d will potentially be applied to this request. Otherwise the policy '%s' from the default policy will be.\n\n", authorization.LevelToPolicy(potential.Rule.Policy), potentialPos, defaultPolicy)
+	default:
+		fmt.Printf("\nThe policy '%s' from the default policy will be applied to this request as no rules matched the request.\n\n", defaultPolicy)
+	}
+}
+
+func hitMissMay(in ...bool) (out string) {
+	var hit, miss bool
+
+	for _, x := range in {
+		if x {
+			hit = true
+		} else {
+			miss = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case hit && miss:
+		return "may"
+	case hit:
+		return "hit"
+	default:
+		return "miss"
+	}
+}
+
+func getSubjectAndObjectFromFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) (subject authorization.Subject, object authorization.Object, err error) {
+	requestURL, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("url")
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(requestURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	method, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("method")
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	username, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("username")
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	groups, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("groups")
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	remoteIP, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("ip")
+	if err != nil {
+		return subject, object, err
+	}
+
+	parsedIP := net.ParseIP(remoteIP)
+
+	subject = authorization.Subject{
+		Username: username,
+		Groups:   groups,
+		IP:       parsedIP,
+	}
+
+	object = authorization.NewObject(parsedURL, method)
+
+	return subject, object, nil
+}

internal/commands/configuration.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package commands
 import (
 	"os"
 
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration"
@@ -12,18 +13,27 @@ import (
 )
 
 // cmdWithConfigFlags is used for commands which require access to the configuration to add the flag to the command.
-func cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+func cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, persistent bool, configs []string) {
-	cmd.Flags().StringSliceP("config", "c", []string{}, "Configuration files")
+	if persistent {
+		cmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceP("config", "c", configs, "configuration files to load")
+	} else {
+		cmd.Flags().StringSliceP("config", "c", configs, "configuration files to load")
+	}
 }
 
 var config *schema.Configuration
 
 func newCmdWithConfigPreRun(ensureConfigExists, validateKeys, validateConfiguration bool) func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
-		logger := logging.Logger()
+		var (
+			logger  *logrus.Logger
+			configs []string
+			err     error
+		)
 
-		configs, err := cmd.Root().Flags().GetStringSlice("config")
+		logger = logging.Logger()
-		if err != nil {
+
+		if configs, err = cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("config"); err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("Error reading flags: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -39,23 +49,15 @@ func newCmdWithConfigPreRun(ensureConfigExists, validateKeys, validateConfigurat
 			}
 		}
 
-		var keys []string
+		var (
+			val *schema.StructValidator
+		)
 
-		val := schema.NewStructValidator()
+		config, val, err = loadConfig(configs, validateKeys, validateConfiguration)
-
-		keys, config, err = configuration.Load(val, configuration.NewDefaultSources(configs, configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, configuration.DefaultEnvDelimiter)...)
 		if err != nil {
 			logger.Fatalf("Error occurred loading configuration: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		if validateKeys {
-			validator.ValidateKeys(keys, configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, val)
-		}
-
-		if validateConfiguration {
-			validator.ValidateConfiguration(config, val)
-		}
-
 		warnings := val.Warnings()
 		if len(warnings) != 0 {
 			for _, warning := range warnings {
@@ -73,3 +75,27 @@ func newCmdWithConfigPreRun(ensureConfigExists, validateKeys, validateConfigurat
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func loadConfig(configs []string, validateKeys, validateConfiguration bool) (c *schema.Configuration, val *schema.StructValidator, err error) {
+	var keys []string
+
+	val = schema.NewStructValidator()
+
+	if keys, c, err = configuration.Load(val,
+		configuration.NewDefaultSources(
+			configs,
+			configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix,
+			configuration.DefaultEnvDelimiter)...); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	if validateKeys {
+		validator.ValidateKeys(keys, configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, val)
+	}
+
+	if validateConfiguration {
+		validator.ValidateConfiguration(c, val)
+	}
+
+	return c, val, nil
+}

internal/commands/const.go

@@ -80,6 +80,23 @@ PowerShell:
   # and source this file from your PowerShell profile.
 `
 
+const accessControlPolicyCheckLong = `
+Checks a request against the access control rules to determine what policy would be applied.
+
+Legend:
+
+	#		The rule position in the configuration.
+	*		The first fully matched rule.
+	~		Potential match i.e. if the user was authenticated they may match this rule.
+	hit     The criteria in this column is a match to the request.
+	miss    The criteria in this column is not match to the request.
+	may     The criteria in this column is potentially a match to the request.
+
+Notes:
+
+	A rule that potentially matches a request will cause a redirection to occur in order to perform one-factor
+	authentication. This is so Authelia can adequately determine if the rule actually matches.
+`
 const (
 	storageMigrateDirectionUp   = "up"
 	storageMigrateDirectionDown = "down"

internal/commands/root.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func NewRootCmd() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
 		Run:     cmdRootRun,
 	}
 
-	cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd)
+	cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd, false, []string{})
 
 	cmd.AddCommand(
 		newBuildInfoCmd(),
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ func NewRootCmd() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
 		NewRSACmd(),
 		NewStorageCmd(),
 		newValidateConfigCmd(),
+		newAccessControlCommand(),
 	)
 
 	return cmd

internal/commands/storage.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func NewStorageCmd() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
 		PersistentPreRunE: storagePersistentPreRunE,
 	}
 
-	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceP("config", "c", []string{"config.yml"}, "configuration file to load for the storage migration")
+	cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd, true, []string{"config.yml"})
 
 	cmd.PersistentFlags().String("encryption-key", "", "the storage encryption key to use")
 

internal/commands/validate.go

@@ -1,66 +1,70 @@
 package commands
 
 import (
-	"log"
+	"fmt"
-	"os"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
-	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration"
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
-	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/validator"
-	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/logging"
 )
 
 func newValidateConfigCmd() (cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	cmd = &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "validate-config [yaml]",
+		Use:   "validate-config",
 		Short: "Check a configuration against the internal configuration validation mechanisms",
-		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-		Run:   cmdValidateConfigRun,
+		RunE:  cmdValidateConfigRunE,
 	}
 
+	cmdWithConfigFlags(cmd, false, []string{"config.yml"})
+
 	return cmd
 }
 
-func cmdValidateConfigRun(_ *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+func cmdValidateConfigRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) (err error) {
-	logger := logging.Logger()
+	var (
+		configs []string
+		val     *schema.StructValidator
+	)
 
-	configPath := args[0]
+	if configs, err = cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("config"); err != nil {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); err != nil {
+		return err
-		logger.Fatalf("Error Loading Configuration: %v\n", err)
 	}
 
-	val := schema.NewStructValidator()
+	config, val, err = loadConfig(configs, true, true)
-
-	keys, conf, err := configuration.Load(val, configuration.NewYAMLFileSource(configPath))
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Fatalf("Error occurred loading configuration: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error occurred loading configuration: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	validator.ValidateKeys(keys, configuration.DefaultEnvPrefix, val)
+	switch {
-	validator.ValidateConfiguration(conf, val)
+	case val.HasErrors():
+		fmt.Println("Configuration parsed and loaded with errors:")
+		fmt.Println("")
 
-	warnings := val.Warnings()
+		for _, err = range val.Errors() {
-	errors := val.Errors()
+			fmt.Printf("\t - %v\n", err)
-
-	if len(warnings) != 0 {
-		logger.Warn("Warnings occurred while loading the configuration:")
-
-		for _, warn := range warnings {
-			logger.Warnf("  %+v", warn)
-		}
 		}
 
-	if len(errors) != 0 {
+		fmt.Println("")
-		logger.Error("Errors occurred while loading the configuration:")
 
-		for _, err := range errors {
+		if !val.HasWarnings() {
-			logger.Errorf("  %+v", err)
+			break
 		}
 
-		logger.Fatal("Can't continue due to errors")
+		fallthrough
+	case val.HasWarnings():
+		fmt.Println("Configuration parsed and loaded with warnings:")
+		fmt.Println("")
+
+		for _, err = range val.Warnings() {
+			fmt.Printf("\t - %v\n", err)
 		}
 
-	log.Println("Configuration parsed successfully without errors.")
+		fmt.Println("")
+	default:
+		fmt.Println("Configuration parsed and loaded successfully without errors.")
+		fmt.Println("")
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

internal/configuration/provider_test.go

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ func TestShouldHandleErrInvalidatorWhenSMTPSenderBlank(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, val.Errors(), 1)
 	assert.Len(t, val.Warnings(), 0)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, val.Errors()[0], "smtp notifier: the 'sender' must be configured")
+	assert.EqualError(t, val.Errors()[0], "notifier: smtp: option 'sender' is required")
 }
 
 func TestShouldDecodeSMTPSenderWithoutName(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/access_control.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 // IsPolicyValid check if policy is valid.
 func IsPolicyValid(policy string) (isValid bool) {
-	return policy == policyDeny || policy == policyOneFactor || policy == policyTwoFactor || policy == policyBypass
+	return utils.IsStringInSlice(policy, validACLRulePolicies)
 }
 
 // IsResourceValid check if a resource is valid.
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ func IsSubjectValid(subject string) (isValid bool) {
 }
 
 // IsNetworkGroupValid check if a network group is valid.
-func IsNetworkGroupValid(configuration schema.AccessControlConfiguration, network string) bool {
+func IsNetworkGroupValid(config schema.AccessControlConfiguration, network string) bool {
-	for _, networks := range configuration.Networks {
+	for _, networks := range config.Networks {
 		if network != networks.Name {
 			continue
 		} else {
@@ -49,21 +49,29 @@ func IsNetworkValid(network string) (isValid bool) {
 	return true
 }
 
+func ruleDescriptor(position int, rule schema.ACLRule) string {
+	if len(rule.Domains) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("#%d", position)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("#%d (domain '%s')", position, strings.Join(rule.Domains, ","))
+}
+
 // ValidateAccessControl validates access control configuration.
-func ValidateAccessControl(configuration *schema.AccessControlConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateAccessControl(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.DefaultPolicy == "" {
+	if config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy == "" {
-		configuration.DefaultPolicy = policyDeny
+		config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy = policyDeny
 	}
 
-	if !IsPolicyValid(configuration.DefaultPolicy) {
+	if !IsPolicyValid(config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy) {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("'default_policy' must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlDefaultPolicyValue, strings.Join(validACLRulePolicies, "', '"), config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Networks != nil {
+	if config.AccessControl.Networks != nil {
-		for _, n := range configuration.Networks {
+		for _, n := range config.AccessControl.Networks {
 			for _, networks := range n.Networks {
 				if !IsNetworkValid(networks) {
-					validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Network %s from network group: %s must be a valid IP or CIDR", n.Networks, n.Name))
+					validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlNetworkGroupIPCIDRInvalid, n.Name, networks))
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -71,31 +79,31 @@ func ValidateAccessControl(configuration *schema.AccessControlConfiguration, val
 }
 
 // ValidateRules validates an ACL Rule configuration.
-func ValidateRules(configuration schema.AccessControlConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateRules(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Rules == nil || len(configuration.Rules) == 0 {
+	if config.AccessControl.Rules == nil || len(config.AccessControl.Rules) == 0 {
-		if configuration.DefaultPolicy != policyOneFactor && configuration.DefaultPolicy != policyTwoFactor {
+		if config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy != policyOneFactor && config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy != policyTwoFactor {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Default Policy [%s] is invalid, access control rules must be provided or a policy must either be 'one_factor' or 'two_factor'", configuration.DefaultPolicy))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlDefaultPolicyWithoutRules, config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy))
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		validator.PushWarning(fmt.Errorf("No access control rules have been defined so the default policy %s will be applied to all requests", configuration.DefaultPolicy))
+		validator.PushWarning(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlWarnNoRulesDefaultPolicy, config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy))
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	for i, rule := range configuration.Rules {
+	for i, rule := range config.AccessControl.Rules {
 		rulePosition := i + 1
 
 		if len(rule.Domains) == 0 {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Rule #%d is invalid, a policy must have one or more domains", rulePosition))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleNoDomains, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule)))
 		}
 
 		if !IsPolicyValid(rule.Policy) {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Policy [%s] for rule #%d domain: %s is invalid, a policy must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'", rule.Policy, rulePosition, rule.Domains))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleInvalidPolicy, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule), rule.Policy))
 		}
 
-		validateNetworks(rulePosition, rule, configuration, validator)
+		validateNetworks(rulePosition, rule, config.AccessControl, validator)
 
 		validateResources(rulePosition, rule, validator)
 
@@ -104,16 +112,16 @@ func ValidateRules(configuration schema.AccessControlConfiguration, validator *s
 		validateMethods(rulePosition, rule, validator)
 
 		if rule.Policy == policyBypass && len(rule.Subjects) != 0 {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errAccessControlInvalidPolicyWithSubjects, rulePosition, rule.Domains, rule.Subjects))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errAccessControlRuleBypassPolicyInvalidWithSubjects, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule)))
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func validateNetworks(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, configuration schema.AccessControlConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateNetworks(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, config schema.AccessControlConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	for _, network := range rule.Networks {
 		if !IsNetworkValid(network) {
-			if !IsNetworkGroupValid(configuration, network) {
+			if !IsNetworkGroupValid(config, network) {
-				validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Network %s for rule #%d domain: %s is not a valid network or network group", rule.Networks, rulePosition, rule.Domains))
+				validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleNetworksInvalid, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule), network))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -122,7 +130,7 @@ func validateNetworks(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, configuration schem
 func validateResources(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	for _, resource := range rule.Resources {
 		if err := IsResourceValid(resource); err != nil {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Resource %s for rule #%d domain: %s is invalid, %s", rule.Resources, rulePosition, rule.Domains, err))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleResourceInvalid, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule), resource, err))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ func validateSubjects(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, validator *schema.S
 	for _, subjectRule := range rule.Subjects {
 		for _, subject := range subjectRule {
 			if !IsSubjectValid(subject) {
-				validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Subject %s for rule #%d domain: %s is invalid, must start with 'user:' or 'group:'", subjectRule, rulePosition, rule.Domains))
+				validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleSubjectInvalid, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule), subject))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -139,8 +147,8 @@ func validateSubjects(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, validator *schema.S
 
 func validateMethods(rulePosition int, rule schema.ACLRule, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	for _, method := range rule.Methods {
-		if !utils.IsStringInSliceFold(method, validHTTPRequestMethods) {
+		if !utils.IsStringInSliceFold(method, validACLRuleMethods) {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Method %s for rule #%d domain: %s is invalid, must be one of the following methods: %s", method, rulePosition, rule.Domains, strings.Join(validHTTPRequestMethods, ", ")))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAccessControlRuleMethodInvalid, ruleDescriptor(rulePosition, rule), method, strings.Join(validACLRuleMethods, "', '")))
 		}
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/access_control_test.go

@@ -12,107 +12,117 @@ import (
 
 type AccessControl struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.AccessControlConfiguration
+	config    *schema.Configuration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration.DefaultPolicy = policyDeny
+	suite.config = &schema.Configuration{
-	suite.configuration.Networks = schema.DefaultACLNetwork
+		AccessControl: schema.AccessControlConfiguration{
-	suite.configuration.Rules = schema.DefaultACLRule
+			DefaultPolicy: policyDeny,
+
+			Networks: schema.DefaultACLNetwork,
+			Rules:    schema.DefaultACLRule,
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldValidateCompleteConfiguration() {
-	ValidateAccessControl(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAccessControl(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidDefaultPolicy() {
-	suite.configuration.DefaultPolicy = testInvalidPolicy
+	suite.config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy = testInvalidPolicy
 
-	ValidateAccessControl(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAccessControl(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "'default_policy' must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: option 'default_policy' must be one of 'bypass', 'one_factor', 'two_factor', 'deny' but it is configured as 'invalid'")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidNetworkGroupNetwork() {
-	suite.configuration.Networks = []schema.ACLNetwork{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Networks = []schema.ACLNetwork{
 		{
 			Name:     "internal",
 			Networks: []string{"abc.def.ghi.jkl"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateAccessControl(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAccessControl(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Network [abc.def.ghi.jkl] from network group: internal must be a valid IP or CIDR")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: networks: network group 'internal' is invalid: the network 'abc.def.ghi.jkl' is not a valid IP or CIDR notation")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorWithNoRulesDefined() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{}
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Default Policy [deny] is invalid, access control rules must be provided or a policy must either be 'one_factor' or 'two_factor'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: 'default_policy' option 'deny' is invalid: when no rules are specified it must be 'two_factor' or 'one_factor'")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseWarningWithNoRulesDefined() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{}
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{}
 
-	suite.configuration.DefaultPolicy = policyTwoFactor
+	suite.config.AccessControl.DefaultPolicy = policyTwoFactor
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorsWithEmptyRules() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{{}, {}}
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+		{},
+		{
+			Policy: "wrong",
+		},
+	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 4)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Rule #1 is invalid, a policy must have one or more domains")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1: rule is invalid: must have the option 'domain' configured")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "Policy [] for rule #1 domain: [] is invalid, a policy must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "access control: rule #1: rule 'policy' option '' is invalid: must be one of 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "Rule #2 is invalid, a policy must have one or more domains")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "access control: rule #2: rule is invalid: must have the option 'domain' configured")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[3], "Policy [] for rule #2 domain: [] is invalid, a policy must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[3], "access control: rule #2: rule 'policy' option 'wrong' is invalid: must be one of 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidPolicy() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
 		{
 			Domains: []string{"public.example.com"},
 			Policy:  testInvalidPolicy,
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Policy [invalid] for rule #1 domain: [public.example.com] is invalid, a policy must either be 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1 (domain 'public.example.com'): rule 'policy' option 'invalid' is invalid: must be one of 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidNetwork() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
 		{
 			Domains:  []string{"public.example.com"},
 			Policy:   "bypass",
@@ -120,16 +130,16 @@ func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidNetwork() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Network [abc.def.ghi.jkl/32] for rule #1 domain: [public.example.com] is not a valid network or network group")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1 (domain 'public.example.com'): the network 'abc.def.ghi.jkl/32' is not a valid Group Name, IP, or CIDR notation")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidMethod() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
 		{
 			Domains: []string{"public.example.com"},
 			Policy:  "bypass",
@@ -137,16 +147,16 @@ func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidMethod() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Method HOP for rule #1 domain: [public.example.com] is invalid, must be one of the following methods: GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT, OPTIONS")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1 (domain 'public.example.com'): 'methods' option 'HOP' is invalid: must be one of 'GET', 'HEAD', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE', 'TRACE', 'CONNECT', 'OPTIONS'")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidResource() {
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
 		{
 			Domains:   []string{"public.example.com"},
 			Policy:    "bypass",
@@ -154,18 +164,18 @@ func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidResource() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Resource [^/(api.*] for rule #1 domain: [public.example.com] is invalid, error parsing regexp: missing closing ): `^/(api.*`")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1 (domain 'public.example.com'): 'resources' option '^/(api.*' is invalid: error parsing regexp: missing closing ): `^/(api.*`")
 }
 
 func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidSubject() {
 	domains := []string{"public.example.com"}
 	subjects := [][]string{{"invalid"}}
-	suite.configuration.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
+	suite.config.AccessControl.Rules = []schema.ACLRule{
 		{
 			Domains:  domains,
 			Policy:   "bypass",
@@ -173,13 +183,13 @@ func (suite *AccessControl) TestShouldRaiseErrorInvalidSubject() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateRules(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateRules(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 2)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Subject [invalid] for rule #1 domain: [public.example.com] is invalid, must start with 'user:' or 'group:'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "access control: rule #1 (domain 'public.example.com'): 'subject' option 'invalid' is invalid: must start with 'user:' or 'group:'")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], fmt.Sprintf(errAccessControlInvalidPolicyWithSubjects, 1, domains, subjects))
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], fmt.Sprintf(errAccessControlRuleBypassPolicyInvalidWithSubjects, ruleDescriptor(1, suite.config.AccessControl.Rules[0])))
 }
 
 func TestAccessControl(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/authentication.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package validator
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
@@ -11,260 +10,254 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateAuthenticationBackend validates and updates the authentication backend configuration.
-func ValidateAuthenticationBackend(configuration *schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateAuthenticationBackend(config *schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.LDAP == nil && configuration.File == nil {
+	if config.LDAP == nil && config.File == nil {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide `ldap` or `file` object in `authentication_backend`"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAuthBackendNotConfigured))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.LDAP != nil && configuration.File != nil {
+	if config.LDAP != nil && config.File != nil {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("You cannot provide both `ldap` and `file` objects in `authentication_backend`"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAuthBackendMultipleConfigured))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.File != nil {
+	if config.File != nil {
-		validateFileAuthenticationBackend(configuration.File, validator)
+		validateFileAuthenticationBackend(config.File, validator)
-	} else if configuration.LDAP != nil {
+	} else if config.LDAP != nil {
-		validateLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration.LDAP, validator)
+		validateLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config.LDAP, validator)
 	}
 
-	if configuration.RefreshInterval == "" {
+	if config.RefreshInterval == "" {
-		configuration.RefreshInterval = schema.RefreshIntervalDefault
+		config.RefreshInterval = schema.RefreshIntervalDefault
 	} else {
-		_, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.RefreshInterval)
+		_, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.RefreshInterval)
-		if err != nil && configuration.RefreshInterval != schema.ProfileRefreshDisabled && configuration.RefreshInterval != schema.ProfileRefreshAlways {
+		if err != nil && config.RefreshInterval != schema.ProfileRefreshDisabled && config.RefreshInterval != schema.ProfileRefreshAlways {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Auth Backend `refresh_interval` is configured to '%s' but it must be either a duration notation or one of 'disable', or 'always'. Error from parser: %s", configuration.RefreshInterval, err))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtAuthBackendRefreshInterval, config.RefreshInterval, err))
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // validateFileAuthenticationBackend validates and updates the file authentication backend configuration.
-func validateFileAuthenticationBackend(configuration *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateFileAuthenticationBackend(config *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Path == "" {
+	if config.Path == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a `path` for the users database in `authentication_backend`"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPathNotConfigured))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Password == nil {
+	if config.Password == nil {
-		configuration.Password = &schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration
+		config.Password = &schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration
 	} else {
 		// Salt Length.
 		switch {
-		case configuration.Password.SaltLength == 0:
+		case config.Password.SaltLength == 0:
-			configuration.Password.SaltLength = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength
+			config.Password.SaltLength = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength
-		case configuration.Password.SaltLength < 8:
+		case config.Password.SaltLength < 8:
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("The salt length must be 2 or more, you configured %d", configuration.Password.SaltLength))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordSaltLength, config.Password.SaltLength))
 		}
 
-		switch configuration.Password.Algorithm {
+		switch config.Password.Algorithm {
 		case "":
-			configuration.Password.Algorithm = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm
+			config.Password.Algorithm = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm
 			fallthrough
 		case hashArgon2id:
-			validateFileAuthenticationBackendArgon2id(configuration, validator)
+			validateFileAuthenticationBackendArgon2id(config, validator)
 		case hashSHA512:
-			validateFileAuthenticationBackendSHA512(configuration)
+			validateFileAuthenticationBackendSHA512(config)
 		default:
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Unknown hashing algorithm supplied, valid values are argon2id and sha512, you configured '%s'", configuration.Password.Algorithm))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordUnknownAlg, config.Password.Algorithm))
 		}
 
-		if configuration.Password.Iterations < 1 {
+		if config.Password.Iterations < 1 {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("The number of iterations specified is invalid, must be 1 or more, you configured %d", configuration.Password.Iterations))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordInvalidIterations, config.Password.Iterations))
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func validateFileAuthenticationBackendSHA512(configuration *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
+func validateFileAuthenticationBackendSHA512(config *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
 	// Iterations (time).
-	if configuration.Password.Iterations == 0 {
+	if config.Password.Iterations == 0 {
-		configuration.Password.Iterations = schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Iterations
+		config.Password.Iterations = schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Iterations
 	}
 }
-func validateFileAuthenticationBackendArgon2id(configuration *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateFileAuthenticationBackendArgon2id(config *schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	// Iterations (time).
-	if configuration.Password.Iterations == 0 {
+	if config.Password.Iterations == 0 {
-		configuration.Password.Iterations = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations
+		config.Password.Iterations = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations
 	}
 
 	// Parallelism.
-	if configuration.Password.Parallelism == 0 {
+	if config.Password.Parallelism == 0 {
-		configuration.Password.Parallelism = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism
+		config.Password.Parallelism = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism
-	} else if configuration.Password.Parallelism < 1 {
+	} else if config.Password.Parallelism < 1 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Parallelism for argon2id must be 1 or more, you configured %d", configuration.Password.Parallelism))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidParallelism, config.Password.Parallelism))
 	}
 
 	// Memory.
-	if configuration.Password.Memory == 0 {
+	if config.Password.Memory == 0 {
-		configuration.Password.Memory = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory
+		config.Password.Memory = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory
-	} else if configuration.Password.Memory < configuration.Password.Parallelism*8 {
+	} else if config.Password.Memory < config.Password.Parallelism*8 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Memory for argon2id must be %d or more (parallelism * 8), you configured memory as %d and parallelism as %d", configuration.Password.Parallelism*8, configuration.Password.Memory, configuration.Password.Parallelism))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidMemory, config.Password.Parallelism, config.Password.Parallelism*8, config.Password.Memory))
 	}
 
 	// Key Length.
-	if configuration.Password.KeyLength == 0 {
+	if config.Password.KeyLength == 0 {
-		configuration.Password.KeyLength = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.KeyLength
+		config.Password.KeyLength = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.KeyLength
-	} else if configuration.Password.KeyLength < 16 {
+	} else if config.Password.KeyLength < 16 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Key length for argon2id must be 16, you configured %d", configuration.Password.KeyLength))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidKeyLength, config.Password.KeyLength))
 	}
 }
 
-func validateLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Timeout == 0 {
+	if config.Timeout == 0 {
-		configuration.Timeout = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Timeout
+		config.Timeout = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Timeout
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Implementation == "" {
+	if config.Implementation == "" {
-		configuration.Implementation = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Implementation
+		config.Implementation = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Implementation
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TLS == nil {
+	if config.TLS == nil {
-		configuration.TLS = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS
+		config.TLS = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TLS.MinimumVersion == "" {
+	if config.TLS.MinimumVersion == "" {
-		configuration.TLS.MinimumVersion = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS.MinimumVersion
+		config.TLS.MinimumVersion = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS.MinimumVersion
 	}
 
-	if _, err := utils.TLSStringToTLSConfigVersion(configuration.TLS.MinimumVersion); err != nil {
+	if _, err := utils.TLSStringToTLSConfigVersion(config.TLS.MinimumVersion); err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("error occurred validating the LDAP minimum_tls_version key with value %s: %v", configuration.TLS.MinimumVersion, err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendTLSMinVersion, config.TLS.MinimumVersion, err))
 	}
 
-	switch configuration.Implementation {
+	switch config.Implementation {
 	case schema.LDAPImplementationCustom:
-		setDefaultImplementationCustomLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration)
+		setDefaultImplementationCustomLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config)
 	case schema.LDAPImplementationActiveDirectory:
-		setDefaultImplementationActiveDirectoryLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration)
+		setDefaultImplementationActiveDirectoryLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config)
 	default:
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("authentication backend ldap implementation must be blank or one of the following values `%s`, `%s`", schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, schema.LDAPImplementationActiveDirectory))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendImplementation, config.Implementation, strings.Join([]string{schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, schema.LDAPImplementationActiveDirectory}, "', '")))
 	}
 
-	if strings.Contains(configuration.UsersFilter, "{0}") {
+	if strings.Contains(config.UsersFilter, "{0}") {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("authentication backend ldap users filter must not contain removed placeholders" +
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterReplacedPlaceholders, "users_filter", "{0}", "{input}"))
-			", {0} has been replaced with {input}"))
 	}
 
-	if strings.Contains(configuration.GroupsFilter, "{0}") ||
+	if strings.Contains(config.GroupsFilter, "{0}") {
-		strings.Contains(configuration.GroupsFilter, "{1}") {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterReplacedPlaceholders, "groups_filter", "{0}", "{input}"))
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("authentication backend ldap groups filter must not contain removed " +
-			"placeholders, {0} has been replaced with {input} and {1} has been replaced with {username}"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.URL == "" {
+	if strings.Contains(config.GroupsFilter, "{1}") {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a URL to the LDAP server"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterReplacedPlaceholders, "groups_filter", "{1}", "{username}"))
+	}
+
+	if config.URL == "" {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "url"))
 	} else {
-		ldapURL, serverName := validateLDAPURL(configuration.URL, validator)
+		validateLDAPAuthenticationBackendURL(config, validator)
+	}
 
-		configuration.URL = ldapURL
+	validateLDAPRequiredParameters(config, validator)
+}
 
-		if configuration.TLS.ServerName == "" {
+func validateLDAPAuthenticationBackendURL(config *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-			configuration.TLS.ServerName = serverName
+	var (
+		parsedURL *url.URL
+		err       error
+	)
+
+	if parsedURL, err = url.Parse(config.URL); err != nil {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendURLNotParsable, err))
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	if parsedURL.Scheme != schemeLDAP && parsedURL.Scheme != schemeLDAPS {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendURLInvalidScheme, parsedURL.Scheme))
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	config.URL = parsedURL.String()
+	if config.TLS.ServerName == "" {
+		config.TLS.ServerName = parsedURL.Hostname()
 	}
 }
 
-	validateLDAPRequiredParameters(configuration, validator)
+func validateLDAPRequiredParameters(config *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-}
-
-// Wrapper for test purposes to exclude the hostname from the return.
-func validateLDAPURLSimple(ldapURL string, validator *schema.StructValidator) (finalURL string) {
-	finalURL, _ = validateLDAPURL(ldapURL, validator)
-
-	return finalURL
-}
-
-func validateLDAPURL(ldapURL string, validator *schema.StructValidator) (finalURL string, hostname string) {
-	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(ldapURL)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Unable to parse URL to ldap server. The scheme is probably missing: ldap:// or ldaps://"))
-		return "", ""
-	}
-
-	if !(parsedURL.Scheme == schemeLDAP || parsedURL.Scheme == schemeLDAPS) {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Unknown scheme for ldap url, should be ldap:// or ldaps://"))
-		return "", ""
-	}
-
-	return parsedURL.String(), parsedURL.Hostname()
-}
-
-func validateLDAPRequiredParameters(configuration *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	// TODO: see if it's possible to disable this check if disable_reset_password is set and when anonymous/user binding is supported (#101 and #387).
-	if configuration.User == "" {
+	if config.User == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a user name to connect to the LDAP server"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "user"))
 	}
 
 	// TODO: see if it's possible to disable this check if disable_reset_password is set and when anonymous/user binding is supported (#101 and #387).
-	if configuration.Password == "" {
+	if config.Password == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a password to connect to the LDAP server"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "password"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.BaseDN == "" {
+	if config.BaseDN == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a base DN to connect to the LDAP server"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "base_dn"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.UsersFilter == "" {
+	if config.UsersFilter == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a users filter with `users_filter` attribute"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "users_filter"))
 	} else {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(configuration.UsersFilter, "(") || !strings.HasSuffix(configuration.UsersFilter, ")") {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(config.UsersFilter, "(") || !strings.HasSuffix(config.UsersFilter, ")") {
-			validator.Push(errors.New("The users filter should contain enclosing parenthesis. For instance {username_attribute}={input} should be ({username_attribute}={input})"))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterEnclosingParenthesis, "users_filter", config.UsersFilter, config.UsersFilter))
 		}
 
-		if !strings.Contains(configuration.UsersFilter, "{username_attribute}") {
+		if !strings.Contains(config.UsersFilter, "{username_attribute}") {
-			validator.Push(errors.New("Unable to detect {username_attribute} placeholder in users_filter, your configuration is broken. " +
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterMissingPlaceholder, "users_filter", "username_attribute"))
-				"Please review configuration options listed at https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/authentication/ldap.html"))
 		}
 
 		// This test helps the user know that users_filter is broken after the breaking change induced by this commit.
-		if !strings.Contains(configuration.UsersFilter, "{0}") && !strings.Contains(configuration.UsersFilter, "{input}") {
+		if !strings.Contains(config.UsersFilter, "{input}") {
-			validator.Push(errors.New("Unable to detect {input} placeholder in users_filter, your configuration might be broken. " +
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterMissingPlaceholder, "users_filter", "input"))
-				"Please review configuration options listed at https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/authentication/ldap.html"))
 		}
 	}
 
-	if configuration.GroupsFilter == "" {
+	if config.GroupsFilter == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Please provide a groups filter with `groups_filter` attribute"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption, "groups_filter"))
-	} else if !strings.HasPrefix(configuration.GroupsFilter, "(") || !strings.HasSuffix(configuration.GroupsFilter, ")") {
+	} else if !strings.HasPrefix(config.GroupsFilter, "(") || !strings.HasSuffix(config.GroupsFilter, ")") {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("The groups filter should contain enclosing parenthesis. For instance cn={input} should be (cn={input})"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterEnclosingParenthesis, "groups_filter", config.GroupsFilter, config.GroupsFilter))
 	}
 }
 
-func setDefaultImplementationActiveDirectoryLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
+func setDefaultImplementationActiveDirectoryLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
-	if configuration.UsersFilter == "" {
+	if config.UsersFilter == "" {
-		configuration.UsersFilter = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsersFilter
+		config.UsersFilter = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsersFilter
 	}
 
-	if configuration.UsernameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.UsernameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.UsernameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsernameAttribute
+		config.UsernameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsernameAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.DisplayNameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.DisplayNameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.DisplayNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute
+		config.DisplayNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.MailAttribute == "" {
+	if config.MailAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.MailAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.MailAttribute
+		config.MailAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.MailAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.GroupsFilter == "" {
+	if config.GroupsFilter == "" {
-		configuration.GroupsFilter = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupsFilter
+		config.GroupsFilter = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupsFilter
 	}
 
-	if configuration.GroupNameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.GroupNameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.GroupNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute
+		config.GroupNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute
 	}
 }
 
-func setDefaultImplementationCustomLDAPAuthenticationBackend(configuration *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
+func setDefaultImplementationCustomLDAPAuthenticationBackend(config *schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration) {
-	if configuration.UsernameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.UsernameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.UsernameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.UsernameAttribute
+		config.UsernameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.UsernameAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.GroupNameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.GroupNameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.GroupNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute
+		config.GroupNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.MailAttribute == "" {
+	if config.MailAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.MailAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.MailAttribute
+		config.MailAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.MailAttribute
 	}
 
-	if configuration.DisplayNameAttribute == "" {
+	if config.DisplayNameAttribute == "" {
-		configuration.DisplayNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute
+		config.DisplayNameAttribute = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/authentication_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBothBackendsProvided(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&backendConfig, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "You cannot provide both `ldap` and `file` objects in `authentication_backend`")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: please ensure only one of the 'file' or 'ldap' backend is configured")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenNoBackendProvided(t *testing.T) {
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenNoBackendProvided(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&backendConfig, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide `ldap` or `file` object in `authentication_backend`")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: you must ensure either the 'file' or 'ldap' authentication backend is configured")
 }
 
 type FileBasedAuthenticationBackend struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
+	config    schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
+	suite.config = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.File = &schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{Path: "/a/path", Password: &schema.PasswordConfiguration{
+	suite.config.File = &schema.FileAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{Path: "/a/path", Password: &schema.PasswordConfiguration{
 		Algorithm:   schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm,
 		Iterations:  schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations,
 		Parallelism: schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism,
@@ -53,150 +53,150 @@ func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) SetupTest() {
 		KeyLength:   schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.KeyLength,
 		SaltLength:  schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength,
 	}}
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm
+	suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm = schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm
 }
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldValidateCompleteConfiguration() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenNoPathProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Path = ""
+	suite.config.File.Path = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a `path` for the users database in `authentication_backend`")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: option 'path' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenMemoryNotMoreThanEightTimesParallelism() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory = 8
+	suite.config.File.Password.Memory = 8
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism = 2
+	suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism = 2
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Memory for argon2id must be 16 or more (parallelism * 8), you configured memory as 8 and parallelism as 2")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'memory' must at least be parallelism multiplied by 8 when using algorithm 'argon2id' with parallelism 2 it should be at least 16 but it is configured as '8'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldSetDefaultConfigurationWhenBlank() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password = &schema.PasswordConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.File.Password = &schema.PasswordConfiguration{}
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.configuration.File.Password.KeyLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.config.File.Password.KeyLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.config.File.Password.Iterations)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal("", suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("", suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.config.File.Password.Memory)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(0, suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism)
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.KeyLength, suite.configuration.File.Password.KeyLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.KeyLength, suite.config.File.Password.KeyLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations, suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations, suite.config.File.Password.Iterations)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength, suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength, suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm, suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm, suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory, suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory, suite.config.File.Password.Memory)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism, suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism, suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism)
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldSetDefaultConfigurationWhenOnlySHA512Set() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password = &schema.PasswordConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.File.Password = &schema.PasswordConfiguration{}
-	suite.Assert().Equal("", suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("", suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm)
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm = "sha512"
+	suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm = "sha512"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.KeyLength, suite.configuration.File.Password.KeyLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.KeyLength, suite.config.File.Password.KeyLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Iterations, suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Iterations, suite.config.File.Password.Iterations)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.SaltLength, suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.SaltLength, suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Algorithm, suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Algorithm, suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Memory, suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Memory, suite.config.File.Password.Memory)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Parallelism, suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordSHA512Configuration.Parallelism, suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism)
 }
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenKeyLengthTooLow() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.KeyLength = 1
+	suite.config.File.Password.KeyLength = 1
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Key length for argon2id must be 16, you configured 1")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'key_length' must be 16 or more when using algorithm 'argon2id' but it is configured as '1'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenSaltLengthTooLow() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength = -1
+	suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength = -1
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "The salt length must be 2 or more, you configured -1")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'salt_length' must be 2 or more but it is configured a '-1'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBadAlgorithmDefined() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm = "bogus"
+	suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm = "bogus"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Unknown hashing algorithm supplied, valid values are argon2id and sha512, you configured 'bogus'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'algorithm' must be either 'argon2id' or 'sha512' but it is configured as 'bogus'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenIterationsTooLow() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations = -1
+	suite.config.File.Password.Iterations = -1
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "The number of iterations specified is invalid, must be 1 or more, you configured -1")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'iterations' must be 1 or more but it is configured as '-1'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenParallelismTooLow() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism = -1
+	suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism = -1
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Parallelism for argon2id must be 1 or more, you configured -1")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'parallelism' must be 1 or more when using algorithm 'argon2id' but it is configured as '-1'")
 }
 
 func (suite *FileBasedAuthenticationBackend) TestShouldSetDefaultValues() {
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm = ""
+	suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm = ""
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations = 0
+	suite.config.File.Password.Iterations = 0
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength = 0
+	suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength = 0
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory = 0
+	suite.config.File.Password.Memory = 0
-	suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism = 0
+	suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism = 0
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm, suite.configuration.File.Password.Algorithm)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Algorithm, suite.config.File.Password.Algorithm)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations, suite.configuration.File.Password.Iterations)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Iterations, suite.config.File.Password.Iterations)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength, suite.configuration.File.Password.SaltLength)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.SaltLength, suite.config.File.Password.SaltLength)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory, suite.configuration.File.Password.Memory)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Memory, suite.config.File.Password.Memory)
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism, suite.configuration.File.Password.Parallelism)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultPasswordConfiguration.Parallelism, suite.config.File.Password.Parallelism)
 }
 
 func TestFileBasedAuthenticationBackend(t *testing.T) {
@@ -205,289 +205,265 @@ func TestFileBasedAuthenticationBackend(t *testing.T) {
 
 type LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
+	config    schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
+	suite.config = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.LDAP = &schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.LDAP = &schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation = schema.LDAPImplementationCustom
+	suite.config.LDAP.Implementation = schema.LDAPImplementationCustom
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.URL = testLDAPURL
+	suite.config.LDAP.URL = testLDAPURL
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.User = testLDAPUser
+	suite.config.LDAP.User = testLDAPUser
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Password = testLDAPPassword
+	suite.config.LDAP.Password = testLDAPPassword
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.BaseDN = testLDAPBaseDN
+	suite.config.LDAP.BaseDN = testLDAPBaseDN
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = "uid"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = "uid"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "({username_attribute}={input})"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "({username_attribute}={input})"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(cn={input})"
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(cn={input})"
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldValidateCompleteConfiguration() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldValidateDefaultImplementationAndUsernameAttribute() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.Implementation = ""
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = ""
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, suite.config.LDAP.Implementation)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute, schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.UsernameAttribute)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute, schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.UsernameAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenImplementationIsInvalidMSAD() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation = "masd"
+	suite.config.LDAP.Implementation = "masd"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication backend ldap implementation must be blank or one of the following values `custom`, `activedirectory`")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'implementation' is configured as 'masd' but must be one of the following values: 'custom', 'activedirectory'")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenURLNotProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.URL = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.URL = ""
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a URL to the LDAP server")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'url' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenUserNotProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.User = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.User = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a user name to connect to the LDAP server")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'user' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenPasswordNotProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Password = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.Password = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a password to connect to the LDAP server")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'password' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBaseDNNotProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.BaseDN = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.BaseDN = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a base DN to connect to the LDAP server")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'base_dn' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseOnEmptyGroupsFilter() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a groups filter with `groups_filter` attribute")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'groups_filter' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseOnEmptyUsersFilter() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Please provide a users filter with `users_filter` attribute")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldNotRaiseOnEmptyUsernameAttribute() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = ""
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = ""
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseOnBadRefreshInterval() {
-	suite.configuration.RefreshInterval = "blah"
+	suite.config.RefreshInterval = "blah"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Auth Backend `refresh_interval` is configured to 'blah' but it must be either a duration notation or one of 'disable', or 'always'. Error from parser: could not convert the input string of blah into a duration")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: option 'refresh_interval' is configured to 'blah' but it must be either a duration notation or one of 'disable', or 'always': could not parse 'blah' as a duration")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultImplementation() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.LDAPImplementationCustom, suite.config.LDAP.Implementation)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorOnBadFilterPlaceholders() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={0})(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={0})(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(&(member={0})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={1})(member={0})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 2)
+	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 4)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication backend ldap users filter must "+
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' has an invalid placeholder: '{0}' has been removed, please use '{input}' instead")
-		"not contain removed placeholders, {0} has been replaced with {input}")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'groups_filter' has an invalid placeholder: '{0}' has been removed, please use '{input}' instead")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "authentication backend ldap groups filter must "+
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'groups_filter' has an invalid placeholder: '{1}' has been removed, please use '{username}' instead")
-		"not contain removed placeholders, "+
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[3], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' must contain the placeholder '{input}' but it is required")
-		"{0} has been replaced with {input} and {1} has been replaced with {username}")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultGroupNameAttribute() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("cn", suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("cn", suite.config.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultMailAttribute() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("mail", suite.configuration.LDAP.MailAttribute)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("mail", suite.config.LDAP.MailAttribute)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultDisplayNameAttribute() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("displayName", suite.configuration.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("displayName", suite.config.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultRefreshInterval() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("5m", suite.configuration.RefreshInterval)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("5m", suite.config.RefreshInterval)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseWhenUsersFilterDoesNotContainEnclosingParenthesis() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "{username_attribute}={input}"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "{username_attribute}={input}"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "The users filter should contain enclosing parenthesis. For instance {username_attribute}={input} should be ({username_attribute}={input})")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' must contain enclosing parenthesis: '{username_attribute}={input}' should probably be '({username_attribute}={input})'")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseWhenGroupsFilterDoesNotContainEnclosingParenthesis() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "cn={input}"
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "cn={input}"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "The groups filter should contain enclosing parenthesis. For instance cn={input} should be (cn={input})")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'groups_filter' must contain enclosing parenthesis: 'cn={input}' should probably be '(cn={input})'")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseWhenUsersFilterDoesNotContainUsernameAttribute() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({mail_attribute}={input})(objectClass=person))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({mail_attribute}={input})(objectClass=person))"
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Unable to detect {username_attribute} placeholder in users_filter, your configuration is broken. Please review configuration options listed at https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/authentication/ldap.html")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' must contain the placeholder '{username_attribute}' but it is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldHelpDetectNoInputPlaceholder() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={mail_attribute})(objectClass=person))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={mail_attribute})(objectClass=person))"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Unable to detect {input} placeholder in users_filter, your configuration might be broken. Please review configuration options listed at https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/authentication/ldap.html")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'users_filter' must contain the placeholder '{input}' but it is required")
-}
-
-func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldAdaptLDAPURL() {
-	suite.Assert().Equal("", validateLDAPURLSimple(loopback, suite.validator))
-
-	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
-	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
-
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Unknown scheme for ldap url, should be ldap:// or ldaps://")
-
-	suite.Assert().Equal("", validateLDAPURLSimple("127.0.0.1:636", suite.validator))
-
-	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
-	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 2)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "Unable to parse URL to ldap server. The scheme is probably missing: ldap:// or ldaps://")
-
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldap://127.0.0.1", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldap://127.0.0.1", suite.validator))
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldap://127.0.0.1:390", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldap://127.0.0.1:390", suite.validator))
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldap://127.0.0.1/abc", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldap://127.0.0.1/abc", suite.validator))
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldap://127.0.0.1/abc?test=abc&x=y", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldap://127.0.0.1/abc?test=abc&x=y", suite.validator))
-
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldaps://127.0.0.1:390", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldaps://127.0.0.1:390", suite.validator))
-	suite.Assert().Equal("ldaps://127.0.0.1", validateLDAPURLSimple("ldaps://127.0.0.1", suite.validator))
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetDefaultTLSMinimumVersion() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{MinimumVersion: ""}
+	suite.config.LDAP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{MinimumVersion: ""}
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS.MinimumVersion, suite.configuration.LDAP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
+	suite.Assert().Equal(schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS.MinimumVersion, suite.config.LDAP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
 }
 
 func (suite *LDAPAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldNotAllowInvalidTLSValue() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{
+	suite.config.LDAP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{
 		MinimumVersion: "SSL2.0",
 	}
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "error occurred validating the LDAP minimum_tls_version key with value SSL2.0: supplied TLS version isn't supported")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: tls: option 'minimum_tls_version' is invalid: SSL2.0: supplied tls version isn't supported")
 }
 
 func TestLdapAuthenticationBackend(t *testing.T) {
@@ -496,83 +472,101 @@ func TestLdapAuthenticationBackend(t *testing.T) {
 
 type ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
+	config    schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
+	suite.config = schema.AuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.LDAP = &schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.LDAP = &schema.LDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Implementation = schema.LDAPImplementationActiveDirectory
+	suite.config.LDAP.Implementation = schema.LDAPImplementationActiveDirectory
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.URL = testLDAPURL
+	suite.config.LDAP.URL = testLDAPURL
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.User = testLDAPUser
+	suite.config.LDAP.User = testLDAPUser
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Password = testLDAPPassword
+	suite.config.LDAP.Password = testLDAPPassword
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.BaseDN = testLDAPBaseDN
+	suite.config.LDAP.BaseDN = testLDAPBaseDN
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.TLS = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS
+	suite.config.LDAP.TLS = schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.TLS
 }
 
 func (suite *ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldSetActiveDirectoryDefaults() {
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Timeout,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.Timeout)
+		suite.config.LDAP.Timeout)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsersFilter,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter)
+		suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsernameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.MailAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.MailAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.MailAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupsFilter,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter)
+		suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter)
 	suite.Assert().Equal(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
 }
 
 func (suite *ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldOnlySetDefaultsIfNotManuallyConfigured() {
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.Timeout = time.Second * 2
+	suite.config.LDAP.Timeout = time.Second * 2
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={input})(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter = "(&({username_attribute}={input})(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(!userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = "cn"
+	suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute = "cn"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.MailAttribute = "userPrincipalName"
+	suite.config.LDAP.MailAttribute = "userPrincipalName"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute = "name"
+	suite.config.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute = "name"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(&(member={dn})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))"
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter = "(&(member={dn})(objectClass=group)(objectCategory=group))"
-	suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute = "distinguishedName"
+	suite.config.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute = "distinguishedName"
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendConfiguration.Timeout,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.Timeout)
+		suite.config.LDAP.Timeout)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsersFilter,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.UsersFilter)
+		suite.config.LDAP.UsersFilter)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.UsernameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.UsernameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.UsernameAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.DisplayNameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.DisplayNameAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.MailAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.MailAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.MailAttribute)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupsFilter,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupsFilter)
+		suite.config.LDAP.GroupsFilter)
 	suite.Assert().NotEqual(
 		schema.DefaultLDAPAuthenticationBackendImplementationActiveDirectoryConfiguration.GroupNameAttribute,
-		suite.configuration.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
+		suite.config.LDAP.GroupNameAttribute)
+}
+
+func (suite *ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidURLWithHTTP() {
+	suite.config.LDAP.URL = "http://dc1:389"
+
+	validateLDAPAuthenticationBackendURL(suite.config.LDAP, suite.validator)
+
+	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'url' must have either the 'ldap' or 'ldaps' scheme but it is configured as 'http'")
+}
+
+func (suite *ActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackendSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidURLWithBadCharacters() {
+	suite.config.LDAP.URL = "ldap://dc1:abc"
+
+	validateLDAPAuthenticationBackendURL(suite.config.LDAP, suite.validator)
+
+	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'url' could not be parsed: parse \"ldap://dc1:abc\": invalid port \":abc\" after host")
 }
 
 func TestActiveDirectoryAuthenticationBackend(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/configuration.go

@@ -3,68 +3,59 @@ package validator
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/utils"
 )
 
 // ValidateConfiguration and adapt the configuration read from file.
-func ValidateConfiguration(configuration *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateConfiguration(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.CertificatesDirectory != "" {
+	var err error
-		info, err := os.Stat(configuration.CertificatesDirectory)
+
-		if err != nil {
+	if config.CertificatesDirectory != "" {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error checking certificate directory: %v", err))
+		var info os.FileInfo
+
+		if info, err = os.Stat(config.CertificatesDirectory); err != nil {
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("the location 'certificates_directory' could not be inspected: %w", err))
 		} else if !info.IsDir() {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("The path %s specified for certificate_directory is not a directory", configuration.CertificatesDirectory))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("the location 'certificates_directory' refers to '%s' is not a directory", config.CertificatesDirectory))
 		}
 	}
 
-	if configuration.JWTSecret == "" {
+	if config.JWTSecret == "" {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Provide a JWT secret using \"jwt_secret\" key"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("option 'jwt_secret' is required"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.DefaultRedirectionURL != "" {
+	if config.DefaultRedirectionURL != "" {
-		err := utils.IsStringAbsURL(configuration.DefaultRedirectionURL)
+		if err = utils.IsStringAbsURL(config.DefaultRedirectionURL); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("option 'default_redirection_url' is invalid: %s", strings.ReplaceAll(err.Error(), "like 'http://' or 'https://'", "like 'ldap://' or 'ldaps://'")))
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Value for \"default_redirection_url\" is invalid: %+v", err))
 		}
 	}
 
-	ValidateTheme(configuration, validator)
+	ValidateTheme(config, validator)
 
-	ValidateLogging(configuration, validator)
+	ValidateLog(config, validator)
 
-	ValidateTOTP(configuration, validator)
+	ValidateTOTP(config, validator)
 
-	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&configuration.AuthenticationBackend, validator)
+	ValidateAuthenticationBackend(&config.AuthenticationBackend, validator)
 
-	ValidateAccessControl(&configuration.AccessControl, validator)
+	ValidateAccessControl(config, validator)
 
-	ValidateRules(configuration.AccessControl, validator)
+	ValidateRules(config, validator)
 
-	ValidateSession(&configuration.Session, validator)
+	ValidateSession(&config.Session, validator)
 
-	if configuration.Regulation == nil {
+	ValidateRegulation(config, validator)
-		configuration.Regulation = &schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration
+
-	}
+	ValidateServer(config, validator)
-
+
-	ValidateRegulation(configuration.Regulation, validator)
+	ValidateStorage(config.Storage, validator)
-
+
-	ValidateServer(configuration, validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(config.Notifier, validator)
-
+
-	ValidateStorage(configuration.Storage, validator)
+	ValidateIdentityProviders(&config.IdentityProviders, validator)
-
+
-	if configuration.Notifier == nil {
+	ValidateNTP(config, validator)
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("A notifier configuration must be provided"))
-	} else {
-		ValidateNotifier(configuration.Notifier, validator)
-	}
-
-	ValidateIdentityProviders(&configuration.IdentityProviders, validator)
-
-	if configuration.NTP == nil {
-		configuration.NTP = &schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration
-	}
-
-	ValidateNTP(configuration.NTP, validator)
 }

internal/configuration/validator/configuration_test.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func TestShouldEnsureNotifierConfigIsProvided(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ValidateConfiguration(&config, validator)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "A notifier configuration must be provided")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "notifier: you must ensure either the 'smtp' or 'filesystem' notifier is configured")
 }
 
 func TestShouldAddDefaultAccessControl(t *testing.T) {
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithUndefinedJWTSecretKey(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Provide a JWT secret using \"jwt_secret\" key")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "option 'jwt_secret' is required")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithBadDefaultRedirectionURL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithBadDefaultRedirectionURL(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Value for \"default_redirection_url\" is invalid: the url 'bad_default_redirection_url' is not absolute because it doesn't start with a scheme like 'http://' or 'https://'")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "option 'default_redirection_url' is invalid: the url 'bad_default_redirection_url' is not absolute because it doesn't start with a scheme like 'ldap://' or 'ldaps://'")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotOverrideCertificatesDirectoryAndShouldPassWhenBlank(t *testing.T) {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func TestShouldNotOverrideCertificatesDirectoryAndShouldPassWhenBlank(t *testing
 
 	require.Equal(t, "", config.CertificatesDirectory)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidCertificatesDirectory(t *testing.T) {
@@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidCertificatesDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Error checking certificate directory: CreateFile not-a-real-file.go: The system cannot find the file specified.")
+		assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "the location 'certificates_directory' could not be inspected: CreateFile not-a-real-file.go: The system cannot find the file specified.")
 	} else {
-		assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Error checking certificate directory: stat not-a-real-file.go: no such file or directory")
+		assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "the location 'certificates_directory' could not be inspected: stat not-a-real-file.go: no such file or directory")
 	}
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 
 	validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
 	config.CertificatesDirectory = "const.go"
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidCertificatesDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "The path const.go specified for certificate_directory is not a directory")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "the location 'certificates_directory' refers to 'const.go' is not a directory")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotRaiseErrorOnValidCertificatesDirectory(t *testing.T) {
@@ -155,5 +155,5 @@ func TestShouldNotRaiseErrorOnValidCertificatesDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "No access control rules have been defined so the default policy two_factor will be applied to all requests")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Warnings()[0], "access control: no rules have been specified so the 'default_policy' of 'two_factor' is going to be applied to all requests")
 }

internal/configuration/validator/const.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package validator
 
-import "regexp"
+import (
+	"regexp"
+
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/oidc"
+)
 
 const (
 	loopback           = "127.0.0.1"
@@ -46,64 +50,173 @@ const (
 
 // Notifier Error constants.
 const (
-	errFmtNotifierMultipleConfigured = "notifier: you can't configure more than one notifier, please ensure " +
+	errFmtNotifierMultipleConfigured = "notifier: please ensure only one of the 'smtp' or 'filesystem' notifier is configured"
-		"only 'smtp' or 'filesystem' is configured"
 	errFmtNotifierNotConfigured      = "notifier: you must ensure either the 'smtp' or 'filesystem' notifier " +
 		"is configured"
-	errFmtNotifierFileSystemFileNameNotConfigured = "filesystem notifier: the 'filename' must be configured"
+	errFmtNotifierFileSystemFileNameNotConfigured = "notifier: filesystem: option 'filename' is required "
-	errFmtNotifierSMTPNotConfigured               = "smtp notifier: the '%s' must be configured"
+	errFmtNotifierSMTPNotConfigured               = "notifier: smtp: option '%s' is required"
+)
+
+// Authentication Backend Error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtAuthBackendNotConfigured = "authentication_backend: you must ensure either the 'file' or 'ldap' " +
+		"authentication backend is configured"
+	errFmtAuthBackendMultipleConfigured = "authentication_backend: please ensure only one of the 'file' or 'ldap' " +
+		"backend is configured"
+	errFmtAuthBackendRefreshInterval = "authentication_backend: option 'refresh_interval' is configured to '%s' but " +
+		"it must be either a duration notation or one of 'disable', or 'always': %w"
+
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPathNotConfigured  = "authentication_backend: file: option 'path' is required"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordSaltLength = "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'salt_length' " +
+		"must be 2 or more but it is configured a '%d'"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordUnknownAlg = "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'algorithm' " +
+		"must be either 'argon2id' or 'sha512' but it is configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordInvalidIterations = "authentication_backend: file: password: option " +
+		"'iterations' must be 1 or more but it is configured as '%d'"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidKeyLength = "authentication_backend: file: password: option " +
+		"'key_length' must be 16 or more when using algorithm 'argon2id' but it is configured as '%d'"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidParallelism = "authentication_backend: file: password: option " +
+		"'parallelism' must be 1 or more when using algorithm 'argon2id' but it is configured as '%d'"
+	errFmtFileAuthBackendPasswordArgon2idInvalidMemory = "authentication_backend: file: password: option 'memory' " +
+		"must at least be parallelism multiplied by 8 when using algorithm 'argon2id' " +
+		"with parallelism %d it should be at least %d but it is configured as '%d'"
+
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendMissingOption = "authentication_backend: ldap: option '%s' is required"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendTLSMinVersion = "authentication_backend: ldap: tls: option " +
+		"'minimum_tls_version' is invalid: %s: %w"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendImplementation = "authentication_backend: ldap: option 'implementation' " +
+		"is configured as '%s' but must be one of the following values: '%s'"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterReplacedPlaceholders = "authentication_backend: ldap: option " +
+		"'%s' has an invalid placeholder: '%s' has been removed, please use '%s' instead"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendURLNotParsable = "authentication_backend: ldap: option " +
+		"'url' could not be parsed: %w"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendURLInvalidScheme = "authentication_backend: ldap: option " +
+		"'url' must have either the 'ldap' or 'ldaps' scheme but it is configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterEnclosingParenthesis = "authentication_backend: ldap: option " +
+		"'%s' must contain enclosing parenthesis: '%s' should probably be '(%s)'"
+	errFmtLDAPAuthBackendFilterMissingPlaceholder = "authentication_backend: ldap: option " +
+		"'%s' must contain the placeholder '{%s}' but it is required"
 )
 
 // TOTP Error constants.
 const (
-	errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm = "totp: algorithm '%s' is invalid: must be one of %s"
+	errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm = "totp: option 'algorithm' must be one of '%s' but it is configured as '%s'"
-	errFmtTOTPInvalidPeriod    = "totp: period '%d' is invalid: must be 15 or more"
+	errFmtTOTPInvalidPeriod    = "totp: option 'period' option must be 15 or more but it is configured as '%d'"
-	errFmtTOTPInvalidDigits    = "totp: digits '%d' is invalid: must be 6 or 8"
+	errFmtTOTPInvalidDigits    = "totp: option 'digits' must be 6 or 8 but it is configured as '%d'"
 )
 
 // Storage Error constants.
 const (
 	errStrStorage                            = "storage: configuration for a 'local', 'mysql' or 'postgres' database must be provided"
-	errStrStorageEncryptionKeyMustBeProvided = "storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be provided"
+	errStrStorageEncryptionKeyMustBeProvided = "storage: option 'encryption_key' must is required"
-	errStrStorageEncryptionKeyTooShort       = "storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be 20 characters or longer"
+	errStrStorageEncryptionKeyTooShort       = "storage: option 'encryption_key' must be 20 characters or longer"
-	errFmtStorageUserPassMustBeProvided      = "storage: %s: 'username' and 'password' configuration options must be provided" //nolint: gosec
+	errFmtStorageUserPassMustBeProvided      = "storage: %s: option 'username' and 'password' are required" //nolint: gosec
-	errFmtStorageOptionMustBeProvided        = "storage: %s: '%s' configuration option must be provided"
+	errFmtStorageOptionMustBeProvided        = "storage: %s: option '%s' is required"
-	errFmtStoragePostgreSQLInvalidSSLMode    = "storage: postgres: ssl: 'mode' configuration option '%s' is invalid: must be one of '%s'"
+	errFmtStoragePostgreSQLInvalidSSLMode    = "storage: postgres: ssl: option 'mode' must be one of '%s' but it is configured as '%s'"
 )
 
-var storagePostgreSQLValidSSLModes = []string{testModeDisabled, "require", "verify-ca", "verify-full"}
-
 // OpenID Error constants.
 const (
-	errFmtOIDCClientsDuplicateID        = "openid connect provider: one or more clients have the same ID"
+	errFmtOIDCNoClientsConfigured = "identity_providers: oidc: option 'clients' must have one or " +
-	errFmtOIDCClientsWithEmptyID        = "openid connect provider: one or more clients have been configured with an empty ID"
+		"more clients configured"
-	errFmtOIDCNoClientsConfigured       = "openid connect provider: no clients are configured"
+	errFmtOIDCNoPrivateKey = "identity_providers: oidc: option 'issuer_private_key' is required"
-	errFmtOIDCNoPrivateKey              = "openid connect provider: issuer private key must be provided"
+
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidSecret       = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an empty secret"
+	errFmtOIDCClientsDuplicateID = "identity_providers: oidc: one or more clients have the same id but all client" +
-	errFmtOIDCClientPublicInvalidSecret = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' is public but does not have " +
+		"id's must be unique"
-		"an empty secret"
+	errFmtOIDCClientsWithEmptyID = "identity_providers: oidc: one or more clients have been configured with " +
-	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURI = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' redirect URI %s has an " +
+		"an empty id"
-		"invalid scheme %s, should be http or https"
+
-	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURICantBeParsed = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid redirect " +
+	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidSecret       = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'secret' is required"
-		"URI '%s' could not be parsed: %v"
+	errFmtOIDCClientPublicInvalidSecret = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'secret' is " +
-	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIPublic = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' redirect URI '%s' is " +
+		"required to be empty when option 'public' is true"
-		"only valid for the public client type, not the confidential client type"
+	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURI = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'redirect_uris' has an " +
-	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIAbsolute = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' redirect URI '%s' is invalid " +
+		"invalid value: redirect uri '%s' must have a scheme of 'http' or 'https' but '%s' is configured"
-		"because it has no scheme when it should be http or https"
+	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURICantBeParsed = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'redirect_uris' has an " +
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidPolicy = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid policy " +
+		"invalid value: redirect uri '%s' could not be parsed: %v"
-		"'%s', should be either 'one_factor' or 'two_factor'"
+	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIPublic = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'redirect_uris' has the" +
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidScope = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid scope " +
+		"redirect uri '%s' when option 'public' is false but this is invalid as this uri is not valid " +
-		"'%s', must be one of: '%s'"
+		"for the openid connect confidential client type"
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidGrantType = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid grant type " +
+	errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIAbsolute = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'redirect_uris' has an " +
-		"'%s', must be one of: '%s'"
+		"invalid value: redirect uri '%s' must have the scheme 'http' or 'https' but it has no scheme"
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidResponseMode = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid response mode " +
+	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidPolicy = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option 'policy' must be 'one_factor' " +
-		"'%s', must be one of: '%s'"
+		"or 'two_factor' but it is configured as '%s'"
-	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidUserinfoAlgorithm = "openid connect provider: client with ID '%s' has an invalid userinfo signing " +
+	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidEntry = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option '%s' must only have the values " +
-		"algorithm '%s', must be one of: '%s'"
+		"'%s' but one option is configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtOIDCClientInvalidUserinfoAlgorithm = "identity_providers: oidc: client '%s': option " +
+		"'userinfo_signing_algorithm' must be one of '%s' but it is configured as '%s'"
 	errFmtOIDCServerInsecureParameterEntropy = "openid connect provider: SECURITY ISSUE - minimum parameter entropy is " +
 		"configured to an unsafe value, it should be above 8 but it's configured to %d"
 )
 
+// Access Control error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtAccessControlDefaultPolicyValue = "access control: option 'default_policy' must be one of '%s' but it is " +
+		"configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtAccessControlDefaultPolicyWithoutRules = "access control: 'default_policy' option '%s' is invalid: when " +
+		"no rules are specified it must be 'two_factor' or 'one_factor'"
+	errFmtAccessControlNetworkGroupIPCIDRInvalid = "access control: networks: network group '%s' is invalid: the " +
+		"network '%s' is not a valid IP or CIDR notation"
+	errFmtAccessControlWarnNoRulesDefaultPolicy = "access control: no rules have been specified so the " +
+		"'default_policy' of '%s' is going to be applied to all requests"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleNoDomains = "access control: rule %s: rule is invalid: must have the option " +
+		"'domain' configured"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleInvalidPolicy = "access control: rule %s: rule 'policy' option '%s' " +
+		"is invalid: must be one of 'deny', 'two_factor', 'one_factor' or 'bypass'"
+	errAccessControlRuleBypassPolicyInvalidWithSubjects = "access control: rule %s: 'policy' option 'bypass' is " +
+		"not supported when 'subject' option is configured: see " +
+		"https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/access-control.html#bypass"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleNetworksInvalid = "access control: rule %s: the network '%s' is not a " +
+		"valid Group Name, IP, or CIDR notation"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleResourceInvalid = "access control: rule %s: 'resources' option '%s' is " +
+		"invalid: %w"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleSubjectInvalid = "access control: rule %s: 'subject' option '%s' is " +
+		"invalid: must start with 'user:' or 'group:'"
+	errFmtAccessControlRuleMethodInvalid = "access control: rule %s: 'methods' option '%s' is " +
+		"invalid: must be one of '%s'"
+)
+
+// Theme Error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtThemeName = "option 'theme' must be one of '%s' but it is configured as '%s'"
+)
+
+// NTP Error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtNTPVersion   = "ntp: option 'version' must be either 3 or 4 but it is configured as '%d'"
+	errFmtNTPMaxDesync = "ntp: option 'max_desync' can't be parsed: %w"
+)
+
+// Session error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtSessionCouldNotParseDuration    = "session: option '%s' could not be parsed: %w"
+	errFmtSessionOptionRequired           = "session: option '%s' is required"
+	errFmtSessionDomainMustBeRoot         = "session: option 'domain' must be the domain you wish to protect not a wildcard domain but it is configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtSessionSameSite                 = "session: option 'same_site' must be one of '%s' but is configured as '%s'"
+	errFmtSessionSecretRequired           = "session: option 'secret' is required when using the '%s' provider"
+	errFmtSessionRedisPortRange           = "session: redis: option 'port' must be between 1 and 65535 but is configured as '%d'"
+	errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired        = "session: redis: option 'host' is required"
+	errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired = "session: redis: option 'host' or the 'high_availability' option 'nodes' is required"
+
+	errFmtSessionRedisSentinelMissingName     = "session: redis: high_availability: option 'sentinel_name' is required"
+	errFmtSessionRedisSentinelNodeHostMissing = "session: redis: high_availability: option 'nodes': option 'host' is required for each node but one or more nodes are missing this"
+)
+
+// Regulation Error Consts.
+const (
+	errFmtRegulationParseDuration              = "regulation: option '%s' could not be parsed: %w"
+	errFmtRegulationFindTimeGreaterThanBanTime = "regulation: option 'find_time' must be less than or equal to option 'ban_time'"
+)
+
+// Server Error constants.
+const (
+	errFmtServerTLSCert = "server: tls: option 'key' must also be accompanied by option 'certificate'"
+	errFmtServerTLSKey  = "server: tls: option 'certificate' must also be accompanied by option 'key'"
+
+	errFmtServerPathNoForwardSlashes = "server: option 'path' must not contain any forward slashes"
+	errFmtServerPathAlphaNum         = "server: option 'path' must only contain alpha numeric characters"
+	errFmtServerBufferSize           = "server: option '%s_buffer_size' must be above 0 but it is configured as '%d'"
+)
+
 // Error constants.
 const (
 	/*
@@ -118,26 +231,25 @@ const (
 
 	errFmtReplacedConfigurationKey = "invalid configuration key '%s' was replaced by '%s'"
 
-	errFmtLoggingLevelInvalid = "the log level '%s' is invalid, must be one of: %s"
+	errFmtLoggingLevelInvalid = "log: option 'level' must be one of '%s' but it is configured as '%s'"
-
-	errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider      = "the session secret must be set when using the %s session provider"
-	errFmtSessionRedisPortRange           = "the port must be between 1 and 65535 for the %s session provider"
-	errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired        = "the host must be provided when using the %s session provider"
-	errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired = "either the host or a node must be provided when using the %s session provider"
 
 	errFileHashing  = "config key incorrect: authentication_backend.file.hashing should be authentication_backend.file.password"
 	errFilePHashing = "config key incorrect: authentication_backend.file.password_hashing should be authentication_backend.file.password"
 	errFilePOptions = "config key incorrect: authentication_backend.file.password_options should be authentication_backend.file.password"
-
-	errAccessControlInvalidPolicyWithSubjects = "policy [bypass] for rule #%d domain %s with subjects %s is invalid. It is " +
-		"not supported to configure both policy bypass and subjects. For more information see: " +
-		"https://www.authelia.com/docs/configuration/access-control.html#combining-subjects-and-the-bypass-policy"
 )
 
-var validLoggingLevels = []string{"trace", "debug", "info", "warn", "error"}
+var validStoragePostgreSQLSSLModes = []string{testModeDisabled, "require", "verify-ca", "verify-full"}
-var validHTTPRequestMethods = []string{"GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "TRACE", "CONNECT", "OPTIONS"}
 
-var validOIDCScopes = []string{"openid", "email", "profile", "groups", "offline_access"}
+var validThemeNames = []string{"light", "dark", "grey", "auto"}
+
+var validSessionSameSiteValues = []string{"none", "lax", "strict"}
+
+var validLoLevels = []string{"trace", "debug", "info", "warn", "error"}
+
+var validACLRuleMethods = []string{"GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "PATCH", "DELETE", "TRACE", "CONNECT", "OPTIONS"}
+var validACLRulePolicies = []string{policyBypass, policyOneFactor, policyTwoFactor, policyDeny}
+
+var validOIDCScopes = []string{oidc.ScopeOpenID, oidc.ScopeEmail, oidc.ScopeProfile, oidc.ScopeGroups, "offline_access"}
 var validOIDCGrantTypes = []string{"implicit", "refresh_token", "authorization_code", "password", "client_credentials"}
 var validOIDCResponseModes = []string{"form_post", "query", "fragment"}
 var validOIDCUserinfoAlgorithms = []string{"none", "RS256"}

internal/configuration/validator/identity_providers.go

@@ -11,55 +11,55 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateIdentityProviders validates and update IdentityProviders configuration.
-func ValidateIdentityProviders(configuration *schema.IdentityProvidersConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateIdentityProviders(config *schema.IdentityProvidersConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	validateOIDC(configuration.OIDC, validator)
+	validateOIDC(config.OIDC, validator)
 }
 
-func validateOIDC(configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateOIDC(config *schema.OpenIDConnectConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration != nil {
+	if config != nil {
-		if configuration.IssuerPrivateKey == "" {
+		if config.IssuerPrivateKey == "" {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCNoPrivateKey))
 		}
 
-		if configuration.AccessTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
+		if config.AccessTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
-			configuration.AccessTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.AccessTokenLifespan
+			config.AccessTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.AccessTokenLifespan
 		}
 
-		if configuration.AuthorizeCodeLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
+		if config.AuthorizeCodeLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
-			configuration.AuthorizeCodeLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.AuthorizeCodeLifespan
+			config.AuthorizeCodeLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.AuthorizeCodeLifespan
 		}
 
-		if configuration.IDTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
+		if config.IDTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
-			configuration.IDTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.IDTokenLifespan
+			config.IDTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.IDTokenLifespan
 		}
 
-		if configuration.RefreshTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
+		if config.RefreshTokenLifespan == time.Duration(0) {
-			configuration.RefreshTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.RefreshTokenLifespan
+			config.RefreshTokenLifespan = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectConfiguration.RefreshTokenLifespan
 		}
 
-		if configuration.MinimumParameterEntropy != 0 && configuration.MinimumParameterEntropy < 8 {
+		if config.MinimumParameterEntropy != 0 && config.MinimumParameterEntropy < 8 {
-			validator.PushWarning(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCServerInsecureParameterEntropy, configuration.MinimumParameterEntropy))
+			validator.PushWarning(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCServerInsecureParameterEntropy, config.MinimumParameterEntropy))
 		}
 
-		validateOIDCClients(configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDCClients(config, validator)
 
-		if len(configuration.Clients) == 0 {
+		if len(config.Clients) == 0 {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCNoClientsConfigured))
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func validateOIDCClients(configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateOIDCClients(config *schema.OpenIDConnectConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
 	invalidID, duplicateIDs := false, false
 
 	var ids []string
 
-	for c, client := range configuration.Clients {
+	for c, client := range config.Clients {
 		if client.ID == "" {
 			invalidID = true
 		} else {
 			if client.Description == "" {
-				configuration.Clients[c].Description = client.ID
+				config.Clients[c].Description = client.ID
 			}
 
 			if utils.IsStringInSliceFold(client.ID, ids) {
@@ -79,16 +79,16 @@ func validateOIDCClients(configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectConfiguration, valid
 		}
 
 		if client.Policy == "" {
-			configuration.Clients[c].Policy = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectClientConfiguration.Policy
+			config.Clients[c].Policy = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectClientConfiguration.Policy
 		} else if client.Policy != policyOneFactor && client.Policy != policyTwoFactor {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCClientInvalidPolicy, client.ID, client.Policy))
 		}
 
-		validateOIDCClientScopes(c, configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDCClientScopes(c, config, validator)
-		validateOIDCClientGrantTypes(c, configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDCClientGrantTypes(c, config, validator)
-		validateOIDCClientResponseTypes(c, configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDCClientResponseTypes(c, config, validator)
-		validateOIDCClientResponseModes(c, configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDCClientResponseModes(c, config, validator)
-		validateOIDDClientUserinfoAlgorithm(c, configuration, validator)
+		validateOIDDClientUserinfoAlgorithm(c, config, validator)
 
 		validateOIDCClientRedirectURIs(client, validator)
 	}
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ func validateOIDCClientScopes(c int, configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectConfigur
 	for _, scope := range configuration.Clients[c].Scopes {
 		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(scope, validOIDCScopes) {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(
-				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidScope,
+				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidEntry,
-				configuration.Clients[c].ID, scope, strings.Join(validOIDCScopes, "', '")))
+				configuration.Clients[c].ID, "scopes", strings.Join(validOIDCScopes, "', '"), scope))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func validateOIDCClientGrantTypes(c int, configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectConf
 	for _, grantType := range configuration.Clients[c].GrantTypes {
 		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(grantType, validOIDCGrantTypes) {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(
-				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidGrantType,
+				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidEntry,
-				configuration.Clients[c].ID, grantType, strings.Join(validOIDCGrantTypes, "', '")))
+				configuration.Clients[c].ID, "grant_types", strings.Join(validOIDCGrantTypes, "', '"), grantType))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ func validateOIDCClientResponseModes(c int, configuration *schema.OpenIDConnectC
 	for _, responseMode := range configuration.Clients[c].ResponseModes {
 		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(responseMode, validOIDCResponseModes) {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(
-				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidResponseMode,
+				errFmtOIDCClientInvalidEntry,
-				configuration.Clients[c].ID, responseMode, strings.Join(validOIDCResponseModes, "', '")))
+				configuration.Clients[c].ID, "response_modes", strings.Join(validOIDCResponseModes, "', '"), responseMode))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func validateOIDDClientUserinfoAlgorithm(c int, configuration *schema.OpenIDConn
 		configuration.Clients[c].UserinfoSigningAlgorithm = schema.DefaultOpenIDConnectClientConfiguration.UserinfoSigningAlgorithm
 	} else if !utils.IsStringInSlice(configuration.Clients[c].UserinfoSigningAlgorithm, validOIDCUserinfoAlgorithms) {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCClientInvalidUserinfoAlgorithm,
-			configuration.Clients[c].ID, configuration.Clients[c].UserinfoSigningAlgorithm, strings.Join(validOIDCUserinfoAlgorithms, ", ")))
+			configuration.Clients[c].ID, strings.Join(validOIDCUserinfoAlgorithms, ", "), configuration.Clients[c].UserinfoSigningAlgorithm))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func validateOIDCClientRedirectURIs(client schema.OpenIDConnectClientConfigurati
 				continue
 			}
 
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIPublic, client.ID, redirectURI))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtOIDCClientRedirectURIPublic, client.ID, oauth2InstalledApp))
 
 			continue
 		}

internal/configuration/validator/identity_providers_test.go

@@ -173,8 +173,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateIdentityProviders(config, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "openid connect provider: client with ID 'good_id' has an invalid scope "+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "identity_providers: oidc: client 'good_id': option 'scopes' must only have the values 'openid', 'email', 'profile', 'groups', 'offline_access' but one option is configured as 'bad_scope'")
-		"'bad_scope', must be one of: 'openid', 'email', 'profile', 'groups', 'offline_access'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadGrantTypes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -200,9 +199,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadGrantTypes(t *testing.T)
 	ValidateIdentityProviders(config, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "openid connect provider: client with ID 'good_id' has an invalid grant type "+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "identity_providers: oidc: client 'good_id': option 'grant_types' must only have the values 'implicit', 'refresh_token', 'authorization_code', 'password', 'client_credentials' but one option is configured as 'bad_grant_type'")
-		"'bad_grant_type', must be one of: 'implicit', 'refresh_token', 'authorization_code', "+
-		"'password', 'client_credentials'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadResponseModes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -228,8 +225,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadResponseModes(t *testing
 	ValidateIdentityProviders(config, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "openid connect provider: client with ID 'good_id' has an invalid response mode "+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "identity_providers: oidc: client 'good_id': option 'response_modes' must only have the values 'form_post', 'query', 'fragment' but one option is configured as 'bad_responsemode'")
-		"'bad_responsemode', must be one of: 'form_post', 'query', 'fragment'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadUserinfoAlg(t *testing.T) {
@@ -255,8 +251,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenOIDCClientConfiguredWithBadUserinfoAlg(t *testing.T
 	ValidateIdentityProviders(config, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "openid connect provider: client with ID 'good_id' has an invalid userinfo "+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "identity_providers: oidc: client 'good_id': option 'userinfo_signing_algorithm' must be one of 'none, RS256' but it is configured as 'rs256'")
-		"signing algorithm 'rs256', must be one of: 'none, RS256'")
 }
 
 func TestValidateIdentityProvidersShouldRaiseWarningOnSecurityIssue(t *testing.T) {
@@ -502,8 +497,8 @@ func TestValidateOIDCClientRedirectURIsSupportingPrivateUseURISchemes(t *testing
 		assert.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 0)
 		assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 2)
 		assert.ElementsMatch(t, validator.Errors(), []error{
-			errors.New("openid connect provider: client with ID 'owncloud' redirect URI oc://ios.owncloud.com has an invalid scheme oc, should be http or https"),
+			errors.New("identity_providers: oidc: client 'owncloud': option 'redirect_uris' has an invalid value: redirect uri 'oc://ios.owncloud.com' must have a scheme of 'http' or 'https' but 'oc' is configured"),
-			errors.New("openid connect provider: client with ID 'owncloud' redirect URI com.example.app:/oauth2redirect/example-provider has an invalid scheme com.example.app, should be http or https"),
+			errors.New("identity_providers: oidc: client 'owncloud': option 'redirect_uris' has an invalid value: redirect uri 'com.example.app:/oauth2redirect/example-provider' must have a scheme of 'http' or 'https' but 'com.example.app' is configured"),
 		})
 	})
 }

internal/configuration/validator/log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package validator
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/utils"
+)
+
+// ValidateLog validates the logging configuration.
+func ValidateLog(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+	if config.Log.Level == "" {
+		config.Log.Level = schema.DefaultLoggingConfiguration.Level
+	}
+
+	if config.Log.Format == "" {
+		config.Log.Format = schema.DefaultLoggingConfiguration.Format
+	}
+
+	if !utils.IsStringInSlice(config.Log.Level, validLoLevels) {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLoggingLevelInvalid, strings.Join(validLoLevels, "', '"), config.Log.Level))
+	}
+}

internal/configuration/validator/log_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultLoggingValues(t *testing.T) {
 
 	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
 
-	ValidateLogging(config, validator)
+	ValidateLog(config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidLoggingLevel(t *testing.T) {
 
 	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
 
-	ValidateLogging(config, validator)
+	ValidateLog(config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "the log level 'TRACE' is invalid, must be one of: trace, debug, info, warn, error")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "log: option 'level' must be one of 'trace', 'debug', 'info', 'warn', 'error' but it is configured as 'TRACE'")
 }

internal/configuration/validator/logging.go

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package validator
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
-	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/utils"
-)
-
-// ValidateLogging validates the logging configuration.
-func ValidateLogging(configuration *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Log.Level == "" {
-		configuration.Log.Level = schema.DefaultLoggingConfiguration.Level
-	}
-
-	if configuration.Log.Format == "" {
-		configuration.Log.Format = schema.DefaultLoggingConfiguration.Format
-	}
-
-	if !utils.IsStringInSlice(configuration.Log.Level, validLoggingLevels) {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtLoggingLevelInvalid, configuration.Log.Level, strings.Join(validLoggingLevels, ", ")))
-	}
-}

internal/configuration/validator/notifier.go

@@ -7,62 +7,62 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateNotifier validates and update notifier configuration.
-func ValidateNotifier(configuration *schema.NotifierConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateNotifier(config *schema.NotifierConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.SMTP == nil && configuration.FileSystem == nil {
+	if config == nil || (config.SMTP == nil && config.FileSystem == nil) {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierNotConfigured))
 
 		return
-	} else if configuration.SMTP != nil && configuration.FileSystem != nil {
+	} else if config.SMTP != nil && config.FileSystem != nil {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierMultipleConfigured))
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	if configuration.FileSystem != nil {
+	if config.FileSystem != nil {
-		if configuration.FileSystem.Filename == "" {
+		if config.FileSystem.Filename == "" {
 			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierFileSystemFileNameNotConfigured))
 		}
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	validateSMTPNotifier(configuration.SMTP, validator)
+	validateSMTPNotifier(config.SMTP, validator)
 }
 
-func validateSMTPNotifier(configuration *schema.SMTPNotifierConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateSMTPNotifier(config *schema.SMTPNotifierConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.StartupCheckAddress == "" {
+	if config.StartupCheckAddress == "" {
-		configuration.StartupCheckAddress = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.StartupCheckAddress
+		config.StartupCheckAddress = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.StartupCheckAddress
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Host == "" {
+	if config.Host == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierSMTPNotConfigured, "host"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Port == 0 {
+	if config.Port == 0 {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierSMTPNotConfigured, "port"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Timeout == 0 {
+	if config.Timeout == 0 {
-		configuration.Timeout = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Timeout
+		config.Timeout = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Timeout
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Sender.Address == "" {
+	if config.Sender.Address == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNotifierSMTPNotConfigured, "sender"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Subject == "" {
+	if config.Subject == "" {
-		configuration.Subject = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Subject
+		config.Subject = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Subject
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Identifier == "" {
+	if config.Identifier == "" {
-		configuration.Identifier = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Identifier
+		config.Identifier = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.Identifier
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TLS == nil {
+	if config.TLS == nil {
-		configuration.TLS = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.TLS
+		config.TLS = schema.DefaultSMTPNotifierConfiguration.TLS
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TLS.ServerName == "" {
+	if config.TLS.ServerName == "" {
-		configuration.TLS.ServerName = configuration.Host
+		config.TLS.ServerName = config.Host
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/notifier_test.go

@@ -12,34 +12,34 @@ import (
 
 type NotifierSuite struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.NotifierConfiguration
+	config    schema.NotifierConfiguration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration.SMTP = &schema.SMTPNotifierConfiguration{
+	suite.config.SMTP = &schema.SMTPNotifierConfiguration{
 		Username: "john",
 		Password: "password",
 		Sender:   mail.Address{Name: "Authelia", Address: "authelia@example.com"},
 		Host:     "example.com",
 		Port:     25,
 	}
-	suite.configuration.FileSystem = nil
+	suite.config.FileSystem = nil
 }
 
 /*
 	Common Tests.
 */
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestShouldEnsureAtLeastSMTPOrFilesystemIsProvided() {
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.configuration.SMTP = nil
+	suite.config.SMTP = nil
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())
@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestShouldEnsureAtLeastSMTPOrFilesystemIsProvided()
 }
 
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestShouldEnsureEitherSMTPOrFilesystemIsProvided() {
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.configuration.FileSystem = &schema.FileSystemNotifierConfiguration{
+	suite.config.FileSystem = &schema.FileSystemNotifierConfiguration{
 		Filename: "test",
 	}
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())
@@ -72,43 +72,43 @@ func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestShouldEnsureEitherSMTPOrFilesystemIsProvided() {
 	SMTP Tests.
 */
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldSetTLSDefaults() {
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("example.com", suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.ServerName)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("example.com", suite.config.SMTP.TLS.ServerName)
-	suite.Assert().Equal("TLS1.2", suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("TLS1.2", suite.config.SMTP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
-	suite.Assert().False(suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.SkipVerify)
+	suite.Assert().False(suite.config.SMTP.TLS.SkipVerify)
 }
 
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldDefaultTLSServerNameToHost() {
-	suite.configuration.SMTP.Host = "google.com"
+	suite.config.SMTP.Host = "google.com"
-	suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{
+	suite.config.SMTP.TLS = &schema.TLSConfig{
 		MinimumVersion: "TLS1.1",
 	}
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("google.com", suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.ServerName)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("google.com", suite.config.SMTP.TLS.ServerName)
-	suite.Assert().Equal("TLS1.1", suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("TLS1.1", suite.config.SMTP.TLS.MinimumVersion)
-	suite.Assert().False(suite.configuration.SMTP.TLS.SkipVerify)
+	suite.Assert().False(suite.config.SMTP.TLS.SkipVerify)
 }
 
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldEnsureHostAndPortAreProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.FileSystem = nil
+	suite.config.FileSystem = nil
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.configuration.SMTP.Host = ""
+	suite.config.SMTP.Host = ""
-	suite.configuration.SMTP.Port = 0
+	suite.config.SMTP.Port = 0
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldEnsureHostAndPortAreProvided() {
 }
 
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldEnsureSenderIsProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.SMTP.Sender = mail.Address{}
+	suite.config.SMTP.Sender = mail.Address{}
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())
@@ -138,18 +138,18 @@ func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestSMTPShouldEnsureSenderIsProvided() {
 	File Tests.
 */
 func (suite *NotifierSuite) TestFileShouldEnsureFilenameIsProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.SMTP = nil
+	suite.config.SMTP = nil
-	suite.configuration.FileSystem = &schema.FileSystemNotifierConfiguration{
+	suite.config.FileSystem = &schema.FileSystemNotifierConfiguration{
 		Filename: "test",
 	}
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 
-	suite.configuration.FileSystem.Filename = ""
+	suite.config.FileSystem.Filename = ""
 
-	ValidateNotifier(&suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateNotifier(&suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().True(suite.validator.HasErrors())

internal/configuration/validator/ntp.go

@@ -8,23 +8,29 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateNTP validates and update NTP configuration.
-func ValidateNTP(configuration *schema.NTPConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateNTP(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Address == "" {
+	if config.NTP == nil {
-		configuration.Address = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Address
+		config.NTP = &schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration
+
+		return
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Version == 0 {
+	if config.NTP.Address == "" {
-		configuration.Version = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Version
+		config.NTP.Address = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Address
-	} else if configuration.Version < 3 || configuration.Version > 4 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("ntp: version must be either 3 or 4"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.MaximumDesync == "" {
+	if config.NTP.Version == 0 {
-		configuration.MaximumDesync = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.MaximumDesync
+		config.NTP.Version = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Version
+	} else if config.NTP.Version < 3 || config.NTP.Version > 4 {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNTPVersion, config.NTP.Version))
 	}
 
-	_, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.MaximumDesync)
+	if config.NTP.MaximumDesync == "" {
+		config.NTP.MaximumDesync = schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.MaximumDesync
+	}
+
+	_, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.NTP.MaximumDesync)
 	if err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("ntp: error occurred parsing NTP max_desync string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtNTPMaxDesync, err))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/ntp_test.go

@@ -4,13 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
 )
 
-func newDefaultNTPConfig() schema.NTPConfiguration {
+func newDefaultNTPConfig() schema.Configuration {
-	config := schema.NTPConfiguration{}
+	return schema.Configuration{
-	return config
+		NTP: &schema.NTPConfiguration{},
+	}
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpAddress(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Address, config.Address)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Address, config.NTP.Address)
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpVersion(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Version, config.Version)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.Version, config.NTP.Version)
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpMaximumDesync(t *testing.T) {
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpMaximumDesync(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.MaximumDesync, config.MaximumDesync)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.MaximumDesync, config.NTP.MaximumDesync)
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpDisableStartupCheck(t *testing.T) {
@@ -50,16 +52,29 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultNtpDisableStartupCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.DisableStartupCheck, config.DisableStartupCheck)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultNTPConfiguration.DisableStartupCheck, config.NTP.DisableStartupCheck)
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnMaximumDesyncString(t *testing.T) {
 	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
 	config := newDefaultNTPConfig()
-	config.MaximumDesync = "a second"
+	config.NTP.MaximumDesync = "a second"
 
 	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
 
-	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
+	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "ntp: error occurred parsing NTP max_desync string: could not convert the input string of a second into a duration")
+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "ntp: option 'max_desync' can't be parsed: could not parse 'a second' as a duration")
+}
+
+func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnInvalidNTPVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
+	config := newDefaultNTPConfig()
+	config.NTP.Version = 1
+
+	ValidateNTP(&config, validator)
+
+	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
+
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "ntp: option 'version' must be either 3 or 4 but it is configured as '1'")
 }

internal/configuration/validator/regulation.go

@@ -8,26 +8,32 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateRegulation validates and update regulator configuration.
-func ValidateRegulation(configuration *schema.RegulationConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateRegulation(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.FindTime == "" {
+	if config.Regulation == nil {
-		configuration.FindTime = schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.FindTime // 2 min.
+		config.Regulation = &schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration
+
+		return
 	}
 
-	if configuration.BanTime == "" {
+	if config.Regulation.FindTime == "" {
-		configuration.BanTime = schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.BanTime // 5 min.
+		config.Regulation.FindTime = schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.FindTime // 2 min.
 	}
 
-	findTime, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.FindTime)
+	if config.Regulation.BanTime == "" {
+		config.Regulation.BanTime = schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.BanTime // 5 min.
+	}
+
+	findTime, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.Regulation.FindTime)
 	if err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error occurred parsing regulation find_time string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtRegulationParseDuration, "find_time", err))
 	}
 
-	banTime, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.BanTime)
+	banTime, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.Regulation.BanTime)
 	if err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error occurred parsing regulation ban_time string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtRegulationParseDuration, "ban_time", err))
 	}
 
 	if findTime > banTime {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("find_time cannot be greater than ban_time"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtRegulationFindTimeGreaterThanBanTime))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/regulation_test.go

@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
 )
 
-func newDefaultRegulationConfig() schema.RegulationConfiguration {
+func newDefaultRegulationConfig() schema.Configuration {
-	config := schema.RegulationConfiguration{}
+	config := schema.Configuration{
+		Regulation: &schema.RegulationConfiguration{},
+	}
+
 	return config
 }
 
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultRegulationBanTime(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateRegulation(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.BanTime, config.BanTime)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.BanTime, config.Regulation.BanTime)
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultRegulationFindTime(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,30 +33,30 @@ func TestShouldSetDefaultRegulationFindTime(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateRegulation(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 0)
-	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.FindTime, config.FindTime)
+	assert.Equal(t, schema.DefaultRegulationConfiguration.FindTime, config.Regulation.FindTime)
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenFindTimeLessThanBanTime(t *testing.T) {
 	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
 	config := newDefaultRegulationConfig()
-	config.FindTime = "1m"
+	config.Regulation.FindTime = "1m"
-	config.BanTime = "10s"
+	config.Regulation.BanTime = "10s"
 
 	ValidateRegulation(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "find_time cannot be greater than ban_time")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "regulation: option 'find_time' must be less than or equal to option 'ban_time'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorOnBadDurationStrings(t *testing.T) {
 	validator := schema.NewStructValidator()
 	config := newDefaultRegulationConfig()
-	config.FindTime = "a year"
+	config.Regulation.FindTime = "a year"
-	config.BanTime = "forever"
+	config.Regulation.BanTime = "forever"
 
 	ValidateRegulation(&config, validator)
 
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 2)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Error occurred parsing regulation find_time string: could not convert the input string of a year into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "regulation: option 'find_time' could not be parsed: could not parse 'a year' as a duration")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "Error occurred parsing regulation ban_time string: could not convert the input string of forever into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "regulation: option 'ban_time' could not be parsed: could not parse 'forever' as a duration")
 }

internal/configuration/validator/server.go

@@ -10,40 +10,41 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateServer checks a server configuration is correct.
-func ValidateServer(configuration *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateServer(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Server.Host == "" {
+	if config.Server.Host == "" {
-		configuration.Server.Host = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.Host
+		config.Server.Host = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.Host
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Server.Port == 0 {
+	if config.Server.Port == 0 {
-		configuration.Server.Port = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.Port
+		config.Server.Port = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.Port
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Server.TLS.Key != "" && configuration.Server.TLS.Certificate == "" {
+	if config.Server.TLS.Key != "" && config.Server.TLS.Certificate == "" {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server: no TLS certificate provided to accompany the TLS key, please configure the 'server.tls.certificate' option"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerTLSCert))
-	} else if configuration.Server.TLS.Key == "" && configuration.Server.TLS.Certificate != "" {
+	} else if config.Server.TLS.Key == "" && config.Server.TLS.Certificate != "" {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server: no TLS key provided to accompany the TLS certificate, please configure the 'server.tls.key' option"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerTLSKey))
 	}
 
 	switch {
-	case strings.Contains(configuration.Server.Path, "/"):
+	case strings.Contains(config.Server.Path, "/"):
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server path must not contain any forward slashes"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerPathNoForwardSlashes))
-	case !utils.IsStringAlphaNumeric(configuration.Server.Path):
+	case !utils.IsStringAlphaNumeric(config.Server.Path):
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server path must only be alpha numeric characters"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerPathAlphaNum))
-	case configuration.Server.Path == "": // Don't do anything if it's blank.
+	case config.Server.Path == "": // Don't do anything if it's blank.
+		break
 	default:
-		configuration.Server.Path = path.Clean("/" + configuration.Server.Path)
+		config.Server.Path = path.Clean("/" + config.Server.Path)
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Server.ReadBufferSize == 0 {
+	if config.Server.ReadBufferSize == 0 {
-		configuration.Server.ReadBufferSize = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.ReadBufferSize
+		config.Server.ReadBufferSize = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.ReadBufferSize
-	} else if configuration.Server.ReadBufferSize < 0 {
+	} else if config.Server.ReadBufferSize < 0 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server read buffer size must be above 0"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerBufferSize, "read", config.Server.ReadBufferSize))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Server.WriteBufferSize == 0 {
+	if config.Server.WriteBufferSize == 0 {
-		configuration.Server.WriteBufferSize = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.WriteBufferSize
+		config.Server.WriteBufferSize = schema.DefaultServerConfiguration.WriteBufferSize
-	} else if configuration.Server.WriteBufferSize < 0 {
+	} else if config.Server.WriteBufferSize < 0 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("server write buffer size must be above 0"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtServerBufferSize, "write", config.Server.WriteBufferSize))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/server_test.go

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseOnNegativeValues(t *testing.T) {
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 2)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server read buffer size must be above 0")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server: option 'read_buffer_size' must be above 0 but it is configured as '-1'")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "server write buffer size must be above 0")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "server: option 'write_buffer_size' must be above 0 but it is configured as '-1'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseOnNonAlphanumericCharsInPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenTLSCertWithoutKeyIsProvided(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ValidateServer(&config, validator)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server: no TLS key provided to accompany the TLS certificate, please configure the 'server.tls.key' option")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server: tls: option 'certificate' must also be accompanied by option 'key'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenTLSKeyWithoutCertIsProvided(t *testing.T) {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenTLSKeyWithoutCertIsProvided(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ValidateServer(&config, validator)
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server: no TLS certificate provided to accompany the TLS key, please configure the 'server.tls.certificate' option")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "server: tls: option 'key' must also be accompanied by option 'certificate'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotRaiseErrorWhenBothTLSCertificateAndKeyAreProvided(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/session.go

@@ -10,109 +10,110 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateSession validates and update session configuration.
-func ValidateSession(configuration *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateSession(config *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Name == "" {
+	if config.Name == "" {
-		configuration.Name = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Name
+		config.Name = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Name
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Redis != nil {
+	if config.Redis != nil {
-		if configuration.Redis.HighAvailability != nil {
+		if config.Redis.HighAvailability != nil {
-			if configuration.Redis.HighAvailability.SentinelName != "" {
+			validateRedisSentinel(config, validator)
-				validateRedisSentinel(configuration, validator)
 		} else {
-				validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Session provider redis is configured for high availability but doesn't have a sentinel_name which is required"))
+			validateRedis(config, validator)
-			}
-		} else {
-			validateRedis(configuration, validator)
 		}
 	}
 
-	validateSession(configuration, validator)
+	validateSession(config, validator)
 }
 
-func validateSession(configuration *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateSession(config *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Expiration == "" {
+	if config.Expiration == "" {
-		configuration.Expiration = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Expiration // 1 hour.
+		config.Expiration = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Expiration // 1 hour.
-	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.Expiration); err != nil {
+	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.Expiration); err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error occurred parsing session expiration string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionCouldNotParseDuration, "expiriation", err))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Inactivity == "" {
+	if config.Inactivity == "" {
-		configuration.Inactivity = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Inactivity // 5 min.
+		config.Inactivity = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.Inactivity // 5 min.
-	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.Inactivity); err != nil {
+	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.Inactivity); err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error occurred parsing session inactivity string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionCouldNotParseDuration, "inactivity", err))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.RememberMeDuration == "" {
+	if config.RememberMeDuration == "" {
-		configuration.RememberMeDuration = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.RememberMeDuration // 1 month.
+		config.RememberMeDuration = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.RememberMeDuration // 1 month.
-	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(configuration.RememberMeDuration); err != nil {
+	} else if _, err := utils.ParseDurationString(config.RememberMeDuration); err != nil {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Error occurred parsing session remember_me_duration string: %s", err))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionCouldNotParseDuration, "remember_me_duration", err))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Domain == "" {
+	if config.Domain == "" {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("Set domain of the session object"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionOptionRequired, "domain"))
 	}
 
-	if strings.Contains(configuration.Domain, "*") {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(config.Domain, "*.") {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("The domain of the session must be the root domain you're protecting instead of a wildcard domain"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionDomainMustBeRoot, config.Domain))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.SameSite == "" {
+	if config.SameSite == "" {
-		configuration.SameSite = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.SameSite
+		config.SameSite = schema.DefaultSessionConfiguration.SameSite
-	} else if configuration.SameSite != "none" && configuration.SameSite != "lax" && configuration.SameSite != "strict" {
+	} else if !utils.IsStringInSlice(config.SameSite, validSessionSameSiteValues) {
-		validator.Push(errors.New("session same_site is configured incorrectly, must be one of 'none', 'lax', or 'strict'"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionSameSite, strings.Join(validSessionSameSiteValues, "', '"), config.SameSite))
 	}
 }
 
-func validateRedis(configuration *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateRedisCommon(config *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Redis.Host == "" {
+	if config.Secret == "" {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired, "redis"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionSecretRequired, "redis"))
+	}
 }
 
-	if configuration.Secret == "" {
+func validateRedis(config *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider, "redis"))
+	if config.Redis.Host == "" {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired))
 	}
 
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(configuration.Redis.Host, "/") && configuration.Redis.Port == 0 {
+	validateRedisCommon(config, validator)
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(config.Redis.Host, "/") && config.Redis.Port == 0 {
 		validator.Push(errors.New("A redis port different than 0 must be provided"))
-	} else if configuration.Redis.Port < 0 || configuration.Redis.Port > 65535 {
+	} else if config.Redis.Port < 0 || config.Redis.Port > 65535 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis"))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, config.Redis.Port))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Redis.MaximumActiveConnections <= 0 {
+	if config.Redis.MaximumActiveConnections <= 0 {
-		configuration.Redis.MaximumActiveConnections = 8
+		config.Redis.MaximumActiveConnections = 8
 	}
 }
 
-func validateRedisSentinel(configuration *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateRedisSentinel(config *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Redis.Port == 0 {
+	if config.Redis.HighAvailability.SentinelName == "" {
-		configuration.Redis.Port = 26379
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisSentinelMissingName))
-	} else if configuration.Redis.Port < 0 || configuration.Redis.Port > 65535 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis sentinel"))
 	}
 
-	validateHighAvailability(configuration, validator, "redis sentinel")
+	if config.Redis.Port == 0 {
+		config.Redis.Port = 26379
+	} else if config.Redis.Port < 0 || config.Redis.Port > 65535 {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, config.Redis.Port))
 	}
 
-func validateHighAvailability(configuration *schema.SessionConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator, provider string) {
+	if config.Redis.Host == "" && len(config.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes) == 0 {
-	if configuration.Redis.Host == "" && len(configuration.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes) == 0 {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired))
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired, provider))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Secret == "" {
+	validateRedisCommon(config, validator)
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider, provider))
-	}
 
-	for i, node := range configuration.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes {
+	hostMissing := false
+
+	for i, node := range config.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes {
 		if node.Host == "" {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("The %s nodes require a host set but you have not set the host for one or more nodes", provider))
+			hostMissing = true
-			break
 		}
 
 		if node.Port == 0 {
-			if provider == "redis sentinel" {
+			config.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes[i].Port = 26379
-				configuration.Redis.HighAvailability.Nodes[i].Port = 26379
 		}
 	}
+
+	if hostMissing {
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtSessionRedisSentinelNodeHostMissing))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/session_test.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithInvalidRedisPortLow(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, -1))
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithInvalidRedisPortHigh(t *testing.T) {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWithInvalidRedisPortHigh(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, 65536))
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenRedisIsUsedAndSecretNotSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenRedisIsUsedAndSecretNotSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider, "redis"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRequired, "redis"))
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenRedisHasHostnameButNoPort(t *testing.T) {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseOneErrorWhenRedisHighAvailabilityHasNodesWithNoHost(t *testi
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, errors, 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], "The redis sentinel nodes require a host set but you have not set the host for one or more nodes")
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], "session: redis: high_availability: option 'nodes': option 'host' is required for each node but one or more nodes are missing this")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseOneErrorWhenRedisHighAvailabilityDoesNotHaveSentinelName(t *testing.T) {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseOneErrorWhenRedisHighAvailabilityDoesNotHaveSentinelName(t *
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, errors, 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], "Session provider redis is configured for high availability but doesn't have a sentinel_name which is required")
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], "session: redis: high_availability: option 'sentinel_name' is required")
 }
 
 func TestShouldUpdateDefaultPortWhenRedisSentinelHasNodes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorsWhenRedisSentinelOptionsIncorrectlyConfigured(t *testi
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, errors, 2)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis sentinel"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, 65536))
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[1], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider, "redis sentinel"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[1], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRequired, "redis"))
 
 	validator.Clear()
 
@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorsWhenRedisSentinelOptionsIncorrectlyConfigured(t *testi
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, errors, 2)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, "redis sentinel"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisPortRange, -1))
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[1], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRedisProvider, "redis sentinel"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[1], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionSecretRequired, "redis"))
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotRaiseErrorsAndSetDefaultPortWhenRedisSentinelPortBlank(t *testing.T) {
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenRedisHostAndHighAvailabilityNodesEmpty(t *testing.T
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired, "redis sentinel"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], errFmtSessionRedisHostOrNodesRequired)
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorsWhenRedisHostNotSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorsWhenRedisHostNotSet(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	require.Len(t, errors, 1)
 
-	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired, "redis"))
+	assert.EqualError(t, errors[0], errFmtSessionRedisHostRequired)
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenDomainNotSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenDomainNotSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Set domain of the session object")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session: option 'domain' is required")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenDomainIsWildcard(t *testing.T) {
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenDomainIsWildcard(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "The domain of the session must be the root domain you're protecting instead of a wildcard domain")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session: option 'domain' must be the domain you wish to protect not a wildcard domain but it is configured as '*.example.com'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenSameSiteSetIncorrectly(t *testing.T) {
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenSameSiteSetIncorrectly(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session same_site is configured incorrectly, must be one of 'none', 'lax', or 'strict'")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session: option 'same_site' must be one of 'none', 'lax', 'strict' but is configured as 'NOne'")
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotRaiseErrorWhenSameSiteSetCorrectly(t *testing.T) {
@@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBadInactivityAndExpirationSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 2)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Error occurred parsing session expiration string: could not convert the input string of -1 into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session: option 'expiriation' could not be parsed: could not parse '-1' as a duration")
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "Error occurred parsing session inactivity string: could not convert the input string of -1 into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[1], "session: option 'inactivity' could not be parsed: could not parse '-1' as a duration")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBadRememberMeDurationSet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenBadRememberMeDurationSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, validator.HasWarnings())
 	assert.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "Error occurred parsing session remember_me_duration string: could not convert the input string of 1 year into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], "session: option 'remember_me_duration' could not be parsed: could not parse '1 year' as a duration")
 }
 
 func TestShouldSetDefaultRememberMeDuration(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/storage.go

@@ -10,66 +10,66 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateStorage validates storage configuration.
-func ValidateStorage(configuration schema.StorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateStorage(config schema.StorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Local == nil && configuration.MySQL == nil && configuration.PostgreSQL == nil {
+	if config.Local == nil && config.MySQL == nil && config.PostgreSQL == nil {
 		validator.Push(errors.New(errStrStorage))
 	}
 
 	switch {
-	case configuration.MySQL != nil:
+	case config.MySQL != nil:
-		validateSQLConfiguration(&configuration.MySQL.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator, "mysql")
+		validateSQLConfiguration(&config.MySQL.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator, "mysql")
-	case configuration.PostgreSQL != nil:
+	case config.PostgreSQL != nil:
-		validatePostgreSQLConfiguration(configuration.PostgreSQL, validator)
+		validatePostgreSQLConfiguration(config.PostgreSQL, validator)
-	case configuration.Local != nil:
+	case config.Local != nil:
-		validateLocalStorageConfiguration(configuration.Local, validator)
+		validateLocalStorageConfiguration(config.Local, validator)
 	}
 
-	if configuration.EncryptionKey == "" {
+	if config.EncryptionKey == "" {
 		validator.Push(errors.New(errStrStorageEncryptionKeyMustBeProvided))
-	} else if len(configuration.EncryptionKey) < 20 {
+	} else if len(config.EncryptionKey) < 20 {
 		validator.Push(errors.New(errStrStorageEncryptionKeyTooShort))
 	}
 }
 
-func validateSQLConfiguration(configuration *schema.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator, provider string) {
+func validateSQLConfiguration(config *schema.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator, provider string) {
-	if configuration.Timeout == 0 {
+	if config.Timeout == 0 {
-		configuration.Timeout = schema.DefaultSQLStorageConfiguration.Timeout
+		config.Timeout = schema.DefaultSQLStorageConfiguration.Timeout
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Host == "" {
+	if config.Host == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStorageOptionMustBeProvided, provider, "host"))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Username == "" || configuration.Password == "" {
+	if config.Username == "" || config.Password == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStorageUserPassMustBeProvided, provider))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.Database == "" {
+	if config.Database == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStorageOptionMustBeProvided, provider, "database"))
 	}
 }
 
-func validatePostgreSQLConfiguration(configuration *schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validatePostgreSQLConfiguration(config *schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	validateSQLConfiguration(&configuration.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator, "postgres")
+	validateSQLConfiguration(&config.SQLStorageConfiguration, validator, "postgres")
 
-	if configuration.Schema == "" {
+	if config.Schema == "" {
-		configuration.Schema = schema.DefaultPostgreSQLStorageConfiguration.Schema
+		config.Schema = schema.DefaultPostgreSQLStorageConfiguration.Schema
 	}
 
 	// Deprecated. TODO: Remove in v4.36.0.
-	if configuration.SSLMode != "" && configuration.SSL.Mode == "" {
+	if config.SSLMode != "" && config.SSL.Mode == "" {
-		configuration.SSL.Mode = configuration.SSLMode
+		config.SSL.Mode = config.SSLMode
 	}
 
-	if configuration.SSL.Mode == "" {
+	if config.SSL.Mode == "" {
-		configuration.SSL.Mode = schema.DefaultPostgreSQLStorageConfiguration.SSL.Mode
+		config.SSL.Mode = schema.DefaultPostgreSQLStorageConfiguration.SSL.Mode
-	} else if !utils.IsStringInSlice(configuration.SSL.Mode, storagePostgreSQLValidSSLModes) {
+	} else if !utils.IsStringInSlice(config.SSL.Mode, validStoragePostgreSQLSSLModes) {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStoragePostgreSQLInvalidSSLMode, configuration.SSL.Mode, strings.Join(storagePostgreSQLValidSSLModes, "', '")))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStoragePostgreSQLInvalidSSLMode, strings.Join(validStoragePostgreSQLSSLModes, "', '"), config.SSL.Mode))
 	}
 }
 
-func validateLocalStorageConfiguration(configuration *schema.LocalStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func validateLocalStorageConfiguration(config *schema.LocalStorageConfiguration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Path == "" {
+	if config.Path == "" {
 		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtStorageOptionMustBeProvided, "local", "path"))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/storage_test.go

@@ -10,24 +10,24 @@ import (
 
 type StorageSuite struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration schema.StorageConfiguration
+	config    schema.StorageConfiguration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration.EncryptionKey = testEncryptionKey
+	suite.config.EncryptionKey = testEncryptionKey
-	suite.configuration.Local = nil
+	suite.config.Local = nil
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = nil
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = nil
-	suite.configuration.MySQL = nil
+	suite.config.MySQL = nil
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidateOneStorageIsConfigured() {
-	suite.configuration.Local = nil
+	suite.config.Local = nil
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = nil
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = nil
-	suite.configuration.MySQL = nil
+	suite.config.MySQL = nil
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
@@ -35,37 +35,37 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidateOneStorageIsConfigured() {
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidateLocalPathIsProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
 		Path: "",
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: local: 'path' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: local: option 'path' is required")
 
 	suite.validator.Clear()
-	suite.configuration.Local.Path = "/myapth"
+	suite.config.Local.Path = "/myapth"
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidateMySQLHostUsernamePasswordAndDatabaseAreProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.MySQL = &schema.MySQLStorageConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.MySQL = &schema.MySQLStorageConfiguration{}
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 3)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: mysql: 'host' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: mysql: option 'host' is required")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "storage: mysql: 'username' and 'password' configuration options must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "storage: mysql: option 'username' and 'password' are required")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "storage: mysql: 'database' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "storage: mysql: option 'database' is required")
 
 	suite.validator.Clear()
-	suite.configuration.MySQL = &schema.MySQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.MySQL = &schema.MySQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "localhost",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -73,24 +73,24 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidateMySQLHostUsernamePasswordAndDatabas
 			Database: "database",
 		},
 	}
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgreSQLHostUsernamePasswordAndDatabaseAreProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{}
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{}
-	suite.configuration.MySQL = nil
+	suite.config.MySQL = nil
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 3)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: postgres: 'host' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: postgres: option 'host' is required")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "storage: postgres: 'username' and 'password' configuration options must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[1], "storage: postgres: option 'username' and 'password' are required")
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "storage: postgres: 'database' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[2], "storage: postgres: option 'database' is required")
 
 	suite.validator.Clear()
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "postgre",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgreSQLHostUsernamePasswordAndDa
 			Database: "database",
 		},
 	}
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeAndSchemaDefaults() {
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "db1",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -114,17 +114,17 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeAndSchemaDefaults()
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("disable", suite.configuration.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("disable", suite.config.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode)
-	suite.Assert().Equal("public", suite.configuration.PostgreSQL.Schema)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("public", suite.config.PostgreSQL.Schema)
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresDefaultsDontOverrideConfiguration() {
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "db1",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -137,17 +137,17 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresDefaultsDontOverrideConfigu
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal("require", suite.configuration.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("require", suite.config.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode)
-	suite.Assert().Equal("authelia", suite.configuration.PostgreSQL.Schema)
+	suite.Assert().Equal("authelia", suite.config.PostgreSQL.Schema)
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeMustBeValid() {
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "db2",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -159,16 +159,16 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeMustBeValid() {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: postgres: ssl: 'mode' configuration option 'unknown' is invalid: must be one of 'disable', 'require', 'verify-ca', 'verify-full'")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: postgres: ssl: option 'mode' must be one of 'disable', 'require', 'verify-ca', 'verify-full' but it is configured as 'unknown'")
 }
 
 // Deprecated. TODO: Remove in v4.36.0.
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeMustBeMappedForDeprecations() {
-	suite.configuration.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.PostgreSQL = &schema.PostgreSQLStorageConfiguration{
 		SQLStorageConfiguration: schema.SQLStorageConfiguration{
 			Host:     "pg",
 			Username: "myuser",
@@ -178,38 +178,38 @@ func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldValidatePostgresSSLModeMustBeMappedForDepre
 		SSLMode: "require",
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Assert().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 0)
 
-	suite.Assert().Equal(suite.configuration.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode, "require")
+	suite.Assert().Equal(suite.config.PostgreSQL.SSL.Mode, "require")
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorOnNoEncryptionKey() {
-	suite.configuration.EncryptionKey = ""
+	suite.config.EncryptionKey = ""
-	suite.configuration.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
 		Path: "/this/is/a/path",
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be provided")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: option 'encryption_key' must is required")
 }
 
 func (suite *StorageSuite) TestShouldRaiseErrorOnShortEncryptionKey() {
-	suite.configuration.EncryptionKey = "abc"
+	suite.config.EncryptionKey = "abc"
-	suite.configuration.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
+	suite.config.Local = &schema.LocalStorageConfiguration{
 		Path: "/this/is/a/path",
 	}
 
-	ValidateStorage(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateStorage(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Warnings(), 0)
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be 20 characters or longer")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "storage: option 'encryption_key' must be 20 characters or longer")
 }
 
 func TestShouldRunStorageSuite(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/theme.go

@@ -2,20 +2,19 @@ package validator
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/configuration/schema"
+	"github.com/authelia/authelia/v4/internal/utils"
 )
 
 // ValidateTheme validates and update Theme configuration.
-func ValidateTheme(configuration *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateTheme(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.Theme == "" {
+	if config.Theme == "" {
-		configuration.Theme = "light"
+		config.Theme = "light"
 	}
 
-	validThemes := regexp.MustCompile("light|dark|grey|auto")
+	if !utils.IsStringInSlice(config.Theme, validThemeNames) {
-
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtThemeName, strings.Join(validThemeNames, "', '"), config.Theme))
-	if !validThemes.MatchString(configuration.Theme) {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf("Theme: %s is not valid, valid themes are: \"light\", \"dark\", \"grey\" or \"auto\"", configuration.Theme))
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/theme_test.go

@@ -10,33 +10,33 @@ import (
 
 type Theme struct {
 	suite.Suite
-	configuration *schema.Configuration
+	config    *schema.Configuration
 	validator *schema.StructValidator
 }
 
 func (suite *Theme) SetupTest() {
 	suite.validator = schema.NewStructValidator()
-	suite.configuration = &schema.Configuration{
+	suite.config = &schema.Configuration{
 		Theme: "light",
 	}
 }
 
 func (suite *Theme) TestShouldValidateCompleteConfiguration() {
-	ValidateTheme(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateTheme(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasErrors())
 }
 
 func (suite *Theme) TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenInvalidThemeProvided() {
-	suite.configuration.Theme = "invalid"
+	suite.config.Theme = "invalid"
 
-	ValidateTheme(suite.configuration, suite.validator)
+	ValidateTheme(suite.config, suite.validator)
 
 	suite.Assert().False(suite.validator.HasWarnings())
 	suite.Require().Len(suite.validator.Errors(), 1)
 
-	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "Theme: invalid is not valid, valid themes are: \"light\", \"dark\", \"grey\" or \"auto\"")
+	suite.Assert().EqualError(suite.validator.Errors()[0], "option 'theme' must be one of 'light', 'dark', 'grey', 'auto' but it is configured as 'invalid'")
 }
 
 func TestThemes(t *testing.T) {

internal/configuration/validator/totp.go

@@ -9,40 +9,40 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ValidateTOTP validates and update TOTP configuration.
-func ValidateTOTP(configuration *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
+func ValidateTOTP(config *schema.Configuration, validator *schema.StructValidator) {
-	if configuration.TOTP == nil {
+	if config.TOTP == nil {
-		configuration.TOTP = &schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration
+		config.TOTP = &schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration
 
 		return
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TOTP.Issuer == "" {
+	if config.TOTP.Issuer == "" {
-		configuration.TOTP.Issuer = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Issuer
+		config.TOTP.Issuer = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Issuer
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TOTP.Algorithm == "" {
+	if config.TOTP.Algorithm == "" {
-		configuration.TOTP.Algorithm = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Algorithm
+		config.TOTP.Algorithm = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Algorithm
 	} else {
-		configuration.TOTP.Algorithm = strings.ToUpper(configuration.TOTP.Algorithm)
+		config.TOTP.Algorithm = strings.ToUpper(config.TOTP.Algorithm)
 
-		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(configuration.TOTP.Algorithm, schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms) {
+		if !utils.IsStringInSlice(config.TOTP.Algorithm, schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms) {
-			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm, configuration.TOTP.Algorithm, strings.Join(schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms, ", ")))
+			validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm, strings.Join(schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms, "', '"), config.TOTP.Algorithm))
 		}
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TOTP.Period == 0 {
+	if config.TOTP.Period == 0 {
-		configuration.TOTP.Period = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Period
+		config.TOTP.Period = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Period
-	} else if configuration.TOTP.Period < 15 {
+	} else if config.TOTP.Period < 15 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidPeriod, configuration.TOTP.Period))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidPeriod, config.TOTP.Period))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TOTP.Digits == 0 {
+	if config.TOTP.Digits == 0 {
-		configuration.TOTP.Digits = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Digits
+		config.TOTP.Digits = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Digits
-	} else if configuration.TOTP.Digits != 6 && configuration.TOTP.Digits != 8 {
+	} else if config.TOTP.Digits != 6 && config.TOTP.Digits != 8 {
-		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidDigits, configuration.TOTP.Digits))
+		validator.Push(fmt.Errorf(errFmtTOTPInvalidDigits, config.TOTP.Digits))
 	}
 
-	if configuration.TOTP.Skew == nil {
+	if config.TOTP.Skew == nil {
-		configuration.TOTP.Skew = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Skew
+		config.TOTP.Skew = schema.DefaultTOTPConfiguration.Skew
 	}
 }

internal/configuration/validator/totp_test.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenInvalidTOTPAlgorithm(t *testing.T) {
 	ValidateTOTP(config, validator)
 
 	require.Len(t, validator.Errors(), 1)
-	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm, "SHA3", strings.Join(schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms, ", ")))
+	assert.EqualError(t, validator.Errors()[0], fmt.Sprintf(errFmtTOTPInvalidAlgorithm, strings.Join(schema.TOTPPossibleAlgorithms, "', '"), "SHA3"))
 }
 
 func TestShouldRaiseErrorWhenInvalidTOTPValues(t *testing.T) {

internal/ntp/ntp_test.go

@@ -10,16 +10,19 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestShouldCheckNTP(t *testing.T) {
-	config := schema.NTPConfiguration{
+	config := &schema.Configuration{
+		NTP: &schema.NTPConfiguration{
 			Address:             "time.cloudflare.com:123",
 			Version:             4,
 			MaximumDesync:       "3s",
 			DisableStartupCheck: false,
+		},
 	}
-	sv := schema.NewStructValidator()
-	validator.ValidateNTP(&config, sv)
 
-	ntp := NewProvider(&config)
+	sv := schema.NewStructValidator()
+	validator.ValidateNTP(config, sv)
+
+	ntp := NewProvider(config.NTP)
 
 	assert.NoError(t, ntp.StartupCheck())
 }

internal/suites/CLI/configuration.yml

@@ -41,6 +41,21 @@ access_control:
       policy: two_factor
     - domain: "singlefactor.example.com"
       policy: one_factor
+    - domain: "resources.example.com"
+      policy: one_factor
+      resources: ["^/resources"]
+    - domain: "method.example.com"
+      policy: one_factor
+      methods: ["POST"]
+    - domain: "network.example.com"
+      policy: one_factor
+      networks: ["192.168.1.0/24"]
+    - domain: "group.example.com"
+      policy: one_factor
+      subject: ["group:basic"]
+    - domain: "user.example.com"
+      policy: one_factor
+      subject: ["user:john"]
 
 notifier:
   filesystem:

internal/suites/suite_cli_test.go

@@ -66,15 +66,15 @@ func (s *CLISuite) TestShouldPrintVersion() {
 }
 
 func (s *CLISuite) TestShouldValidateConfig() {
-	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "validate-config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "validate-config", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
 	s.Assert().NoError(err)
-	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Configuration parsed successfully without errors")
+	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Configuration parsed and loaded successfully without errors.")
 }
 
 func (s *CLISuite) TestShouldFailValidateConfig() {
-	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "validate-config", "/config/invalid.yml"})
+	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "validate-config", "--config", "/config/invalid.yml"})
-	s.Assert().NotNil(err)
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
-	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Error Loading Configuration: stat /config/invalid.yml: no such file or directory")
+	s.Assert().Contains(output, "failed to load configuration from yaml file(/config/invalid.yml) source: open /config/invalid.yml: no such file or directory")
 }
 
 func (s *CLISuite) TestShouldHashPasswordArgon2id() {
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ func (s *CLISuite) TestStorageShouldShowErrWithoutConfig() {
 	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "storage", "schema-info"})
 	s.Assert().EqualError(err, "exit status 1")
 
-	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Error: storage: configuration for a 'local', 'mysql' or 'postgres' database must be provided, storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be provided\n")
+	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Error: storage: configuration for a 'local', 'mysql' or 'postgres' database must be provided, storage: option 'encryption_key' must is required\n")
 
 	output, err = s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "storage", "migrate", "history"})
 	s.Assert().EqualError(err, "exit status 1")
 
-	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Error: storage: configuration for a 'local', 'mysql' or 'postgres' database must be provided, storage: 'encryption_key' configuration option must be provided\n")
+	s.Assert().Contains(output, "Error: storage: configuration for a 'local', 'mysql' or 'postgres' database must be provided, storage: option 'encryption_key' must is required\n")
 }
 
 func (s *CLISuite) TestStorage00ShouldShowCorrectPreInitInformation() {
@@ -382,6 +382,94 @@ func (s *CLISuite) TestStorage05ShouldMigrateDown() {
 	s.Regexp(pattern1, output)
 }
 
+func (s *CLISuite) TestACLPolicyCheckVerbose() {
+	output, err := s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "access-control", "check-policy", "--url=https://public.example.com", "--verbose", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
+
+	// This is an example of `authelia access-control check-policy --config .\internal\suites\CLI\configuration.yml --url=https://public.example.com --verbose`.
+	s.Contains(output, "Performing policy check for request to 'https://public.example.com' method 'GET'.\n\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "* 1\thit\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  2\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  3\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  4\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  5\tmiss\tmiss\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  6\tmiss\thit\t\tmiss\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  7\tmiss\thit\t\thit\tmiss\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  8\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmay\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  9\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmay\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "The policy 'bypass' from rule #1 will be applied to this request.")
+
+	output, err = s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "access-control", "check-policy", "--url=https://admin.example.com", "--method=HEAD", "--username=tom", "--groups=basic,test", "--ip=192.168.2.3", "--verbose", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
+
+	// This is an example of `authelia access-control check-policy --config .\internal\suites\CLI\configuration.yml --url=https://admin.example.com --method=HEAD --username=tom --groups=basic,test --ip=192.168.2.3 --verbose`.
+	s.Contains(output, "Performing policy check for request to 'https://admin.example.com' method 'HEAD' username 'tom' groups 'basic,test' from IP '192.168.2.3'.\n\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  1\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "* 2\thit\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  3\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  4\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  5\tmiss\tmiss\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  6\tmiss\thit\t\tmiss\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  7\tmiss\thit\t\thit\tmiss\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  8\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  9\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmiss\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "The policy 'two_factor' from rule #2 will be applied to this request.")
+
+	output, err = s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "access-control", "check-policy", "--url=https://resources.example.com/resources/test", "--method=POST", "--username=john", "--groups=admin,test", "--ip=192.168.1.3", "--verbose", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
+
+	// This is an example of `authelia access-control check-policy --config .\internal\suites\CLI\configuration.yml --url=https://resources.example.com/resources/test --method=POST --username=john --groups=admin,test --ip=192.168.1.3 --verbose`.
+	s.Contains(output, "Performing policy check for request to 'https://resources.example.com/resources/test' method 'POST' username 'john' groups 'admin,test' from IP '192.168.1.3'.\n\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  1\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  2\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  3\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  4\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "* 5\thit\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  6\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  7\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  8\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmiss\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  9\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "The policy 'one_factor' from rule #5 will be applied to this request.")
+
+	output, err = s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "access-control", "check-policy", "--url=https://user.example.com/resources/test", "--method=HEAD", "--username=john", "--groups=admin,test", "--ip=192.168.1.3", "--verbose", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
+
+	// This is an example of `access-control check-policy --config .\internal\suites\CLI\configuration.yml --url=https://user.example.com --method=HEAD --username=john --groups=admin,test --ip=192.168.1.3 --verbose`.
+	s.Contains(output, "Performing policy check for request to 'https://user.example.com/resources/test' method 'HEAD' username 'john' groups 'admin,test' from IP '192.168.1.3'.\n\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  1\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  2\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  3\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  4\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  5\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  6\tmiss\thit\t\tmiss\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  7\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  8\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmiss\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "* 9\thit\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "The policy 'one_factor' from rule #9 will be applied to this request.")
+
+	output, err = s.Exec("authelia-backend", []string{"authelia", s.testArg, s.coverageArg, "access-control", "check-policy", "--url=https://user.example.com", "--method=HEAD", "--ip=192.168.1.3", "--verbose", "--config", "/config/configuration.yml"})
+	s.Assert().NoError(err)
+
+	// This is an example of `authelia access-control check-policy --config .\internal\suites\CLI\configuration.yml --url=https://user.example.com --method=HEAD --ip=192.168.1.3 --verbose`.
+	s.Contains(output, "Performing policy check for request to 'https://user.example.com' method 'HEAD' from IP '192.168.1.3'.\n\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  #\tDomain\tResource\tMethod\tNetwork\tSubject\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  1\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  2\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  3\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  4\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  5\tmiss\tmiss\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  6\tmiss\thit\t\tmiss\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  7\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\thit\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "  8\tmiss\thit\t\thit\thit\tmay\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "~ 9\thit\thit\t\thit\thit\tmay\n")
+	s.Contains(output, "The policy 'one_factor' from rule #9 will potentially be applied to this request. Otherwise the policy 'bypass' from the default policy will be.")
+}
+
 func TestCLISuite(t *testing.T) {
 	if testing.Short() {
 		t.Skip("skipping suite test in short mode")

internal/utils/certificates_test.go

@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ func TestShouldReturnZeroAndErrorOnInvalidTLSVersions(t *testing.T) {
 	version, err := TLSStringToTLSConfigVersion("TLS1.4")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), version)
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "supplied TLS version isn't supported")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "supplied tls version isn't supported")
 
 	version, err = TLSStringToTLSConfigVersion("SSL3.0")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), version)
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "supplied TLS version isn't supported")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "supplied tls version isn't supported")
 }
 
 func TestShouldReturnErrWhenX509DirectoryNotExist(t *testing.T) {

internal/utils/const.go

@@ -73,4 +73,4 @@ var htmlEscaper = strings.NewReplacer(
 var ErrTimeoutReached = errors.New("timeout reached")
 
 // ErrTLSVersionNotSupported returned when an unknown TLS version supplied.
-var ErrTLSVersionNotSupported = errors.New("supplied TLS version isn't supported")
+var ErrTLSVersionNotSupported = errors.New("supplied tls version isn't supported")

internal/utils/time.go

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ func ParseDurationString(input string) (time.Duration, error) {
 	case input == "0" || len(matches) == 3:
 		seconds, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
 		if err != nil {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not convert the input string of %s into a duration: %s", input, err)
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not parse '%s' as a duration: %w", input, err)
 		}
 
 		duration = time.Duration(seconds) * time.Second
 	case input != "":
 		// Throw this error if input is anything other than a blank string, blank string will default to a duration of nothing.
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not convert the input string of %s into a duration", input)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not parse '%s' as a duration", input)
 	}
 
 	return duration, nil

internal/utils/time_test.go

@@ -47,25 +47,25 @@ func TestShouldParseSecondsString(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestShouldNotParseDurationStringWithOutOfOrderQuantitiesAndUnits(t *testing.T) {
 	duration, err := ParseDurationString("h1")
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not convert the input string of h1 into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not parse 'h1' as a duration")
 	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), duration)
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotParseBadDurationString(t *testing.T) {
 	duration, err := ParseDurationString("10x")
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not convert the input string of 10x into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not parse '10x' as a duration")
 	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), duration)
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotParseDurationStringWithMultiValueUnits(t *testing.T) {
 	duration, err := ParseDurationString("10ms")
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not convert the input string of 10ms into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not parse '10ms' as a duration")
 	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), duration)
 }
 
 func TestShouldNotParseDurationStringWithLeadingZero(t *testing.T) {
 	duration, err := ParseDurationString("005h")
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not convert the input string of 005h into a duration")
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, "could not parse '005h' as a duration")
 	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), duration)
 }