Merge pull request #2575 from Syndelis/feat/slider

include/ASlider.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "AModule.hpp"
+#include "gtkmm/scale.h"
+
+namespace waybar {
+
+class ASlider : public AModule {
+ public:
+  ASlider(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::string& id);
+  virtual void onValueChanged();
+
+ protected:
+  bool vertical_ = false;
+  int min_ = 0, max_ = 100, curr_ = 50;
+  Gtk::Scale scale_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar

include/modules/backlight.hpp

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "ALabel.hpp"
-#include "giomm/dbusproxy.h"
+#include "util/backlight_backend.hpp"
 #include "util/json.hpp"
-#include "util/sleeper_thread.hpp"
 
 struct udev;
 struct udev_device;
@@ -16,54 +16,17 @@ struct udev_device;
 namespace waybar::modules {
 
 class Backlight : public ALabel {
-  class BacklightDev {
-   public:
-    BacklightDev() = default;
-    BacklightDev(std::string name, int actual, int max, bool powered);
-    std::string_view name() const;
-    int get_actual() const;
-    void set_actual(int actual);
-    int get_max() const;
-    void set_max(int max);
-    bool get_powered() const;
-    void set_powered(bool powered);
-    friend inline bool operator==(const BacklightDev &lhs, const BacklightDev &rhs) {
-      return lhs.name_ == rhs.name_ && lhs.actual_ == rhs.actual_ && lhs.max_ == rhs.max_;
-    }
-
-   private:
-    std::string name_;
-    int actual_ = 1;
-    int max_ = 1;
-    bool powered_ = true;
-  };
-
  public:
   Backlight(const std::string &, const Json::Value &);
-  virtual ~Backlight();
+  virtual ~Backlight() = default;
   auto update() -> void override;
 
- private:
-  template <class ForwardIt>
-  static const BacklightDev *best_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, std::string_view);
-  template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
-  static void upsert_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter, udev_device *dev);
-  template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
-  static void enumerate_devices(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter, udev *udev);
-
   bool handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) override;
 
   const std::string preferred_device_;
-  static constexpr int EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS = 16;
 
-  std::optional<BacklightDev> previous_best_;
   std::string previous_format_;
 
-  std::mutex udev_thread_mutex_;
+  util::BacklightBackend backend;
-  std::vector<BacklightDev> devices_;
-  // thread must destruct before shared data
-  util::SleeperThread udev_thread_;
-
-  Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> login_proxy_;
 };
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/backlight_slider.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "ASlider.hpp"
+#include "util/backlight_backend.hpp"
+
+namespace waybar::modules {
+
+class BacklightSlider : public ASlider {
+ public:
+  BacklightSlider(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
+  virtual ~BacklightSlider() = default;
+
+  void update() override;
+  void onValueChanged() override;
+
+ private:
+  std::chrono::milliseconds interval_;
+  std::string preferred_device_;
+  util::BacklightBackend backend;
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/pulseaudio.hpp

@@ -1,54 +1,27 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
-#include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
-#include <pulse/volume.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "ALabel.hpp"
+#include "util/audio_backend.hpp"
 
 namespace waybar::modules {
 
 class Pulseaudio : public ALabel {
  public:
   Pulseaudio(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
-  virtual ~Pulseaudio();
+  virtual ~Pulseaudio() = default;
   auto update() -> void override;
 
  private:
-  static void subscribeCb(pa_context*, pa_subscription_event_type_t, uint32_t, void*);
-  static void contextStateCb(pa_context*, void*);
-  static void sinkInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_sink_info*, int, void*);
-  static void sourceInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_source_info* i, int, void* data);
-  static void serverInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_server_info*, void*);
-  static void volumeModifyCb(pa_context*, int, void*);
-
   bool handleScroll(GdkEventScroll* e) override;
   const std::vector<std::string> getPulseIcon() const;
 
-  pa_threaded_mainloop* mainloop_;
+  std::shared_ptr<util::AudioBackend> backend = nullptr;
-  pa_mainloop_api* mainloop_api_;
-  pa_context* context_;
-  // SINK
-  uint32_t sink_idx_{0};
-  uint16_t volume_;
-  pa_cvolume pa_volume_;
-  bool muted_;
-  std::string port_name_;
-  std::string form_factor_;
-  std::string desc_;
-  std::string monitor_;
-  std::string current_sink_name_;
-  bool current_sink_running_;
-  // SOURCE
-  uint32_t source_idx_{0};
-  uint16_t source_volume_;
-  bool source_muted_;
-  std::string source_port_name_;
-  std::string source_desc_;
-  std::string default_source_name_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace waybar::modules

include/modules/pulseaudio_slider.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "ASlider.hpp"
+#include "util/audio_backend.hpp"
+namespace waybar::modules {
+
+enum class PulseaudioSliderTarget {
+  Sink,
+  Source,
+};
+
+class PulseaudioSlider : public ASlider {
+ public:
+  PulseaudioSlider(const std::string&, const Json::Value&);
+  virtual ~PulseaudioSlider() = default;
+
+  void update() override;
+  void onValueChanged() override;
+
+ private:
+  std::shared_ptr<util::AudioBackend> backend = nullptr;
+  PulseaudioSliderTarget target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink;
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar::modules

include/util/audio_backend.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <json/value.h>
+#include <pulse/context.h>
+#include <pulse/introspect.h>
+#include <pulse/thread-mainloop.h>
+#include <pulse/volume.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "util/backend_common.hpp"
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+class AudioBackend {
+ private:
+  static void subscribeCb(pa_context*, pa_subscription_event_type_t, uint32_t, void*);
+  static void contextStateCb(pa_context*, void*);
+  static void sinkInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_sink_info*, int, void*);
+  static void sourceInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_source_info* i, int, void* data);
+  static void serverInfoCb(pa_context*, const pa_server_info*, void*);
+  static void volumeModifyCb(pa_context*, int, void*);
+
+  pa_threaded_mainloop* mainloop_;
+  pa_mainloop_api* mainloop_api_;
+  pa_context* context_;
+  pa_cvolume pa_volume_;
+
+  // SINK
+  uint32_t sink_idx_{0};
+  uint16_t volume_;
+  bool muted_;
+  std::string port_name_;
+  std::string form_factor_;
+  std::string desc_;
+  std::string monitor_;
+  std::string current_sink_name_;
+  bool current_sink_running_;
+  // SOURCE
+  uint32_t source_idx_{0};
+  uint16_t source_volume_;
+  bool source_muted_;
+  std::string source_port_name_;
+  std::string source_desc_;
+  std::string default_source_name_;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> ignored_sinks_;
+
+  std::function<void()> on_updated_cb_ = NOOP;
+
+  /* Hack to keep constructor inaccessible but still public.
+   * This is required to be able to use std::make_shared.
+   * It is important to keep this class only accessible via a reference-counted
+   * pointer because the destructor will manually free memory, and this could be
+   * a problem with C++20's copy and move semantics.
+   */
+  struct private_constructor_tag {};
+
+ public:
+  static std::shared_ptr<AudioBackend> getInstance(std::function<void()> on_updated_cb = NOOP);
+
+  AudioBackend(std::function<void()> on_updated_cb, private_constructor_tag tag);
+  ~AudioBackend();
+
+  void changeVolume(uint16_t volume, uint16_t min_volume = 0, uint16_t max_volume = 100);
+  void changeVolume(ChangeType change_type, double step = 1, uint16_t max_volume = 100);
+
+  void setIgnoredSinks(const Json::Value& config);
+
+  std::string getSinkPortName() const { return port_name_; }
+  std::string getFormFactor() const { return form_factor_; }
+  std::string getSinkDesc() const { return desc_; }
+  std::string getMonitor() const { return monitor_; }
+  std::string getCurrentSinkName() const { return current_sink_name_; }
+  bool getCurrentSinkRunning() const { return current_sink_running_; }
+  uint16_t getSinkVolume() const { return volume_; }
+  bool getSinkMuted() const { return muted_; }
+  uint16_t getSourceVolume() const { return source_volume_; }
+  bool getSourceMuted() const { return source_muted_; }
+  std::string getSourcePortName() const { return source_port_name_; }
+  std::string getSourceDesc() const { return source_desc_; }
+  std::string getDefaultSourceName() const { return default_source_name_; }
+
+  void toggleSinkMute();
+  void toggleSinkMute(bool);
+
+  void toggleSourceMute();
+  void toggleSourceMute(bool);
+
+  bool isBluetooth();
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util

include/util/backend_common.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "AModule.hpp"
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+const static auto NOOP = []() {};
+enum class ChangeType : char { Increase, Decrease };
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util

include/util/backlight_backend.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libudev.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "giomm/dbusproxy.h"
+#include "util/backend_common.hpp"
+#include "util/sleeper_thread.hpp"
+
+#define GET_BEST_DEVICE(varname, backend, preferred_device)          \
+  decltype((backend).devices_) __devices;                            \
+  {                                                                  \
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock((backend).udev_thread_mutex_); \
+    __devices = (backend).devices_;                                  \
+  }                                                                  \
+  auto varname = (backend).best_device(__devices.cbegin(), __devices.cend(), preferred_device);
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+class BacklightDevice {
+ public:
+  BacklightDevice() = default;
+  BacklightDevice(std::string name, int actual, int max, bool powered);
+
+  std::string name() const;
+  int get_actual() const;
+  void set_actual(int actual);
+  int get_max() const;
+  void set_max(int max);
+  bool get_powered() const;
+  void set_powered(bool powered);
+  friend inline bool operator==(const BacklightDevice &lhs, const BacklightDevice &rhs) {
+    return lhs.name_ == rhs.name_ && lhs.actual_ == rhs.actual_ && lhs.max_ == rhs.max_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+  int actual_ = 1;
+  int max_ = 1;
+  bool powered_ = true;
+};
+
+class BacklightBackend {
+ public:
+  BacklightBackend(std::chrono::milliseconds interval, std::function<void()> on_updated_cb = NOOP);
+
+  // const inline BacklightDevice *get_best_device(std::string_view preferred_device);
+  const BacklightDevice *get_previous_best_device();
+
+  void set_previous_best_device(const BacklightDevice *device);
+
+  void set_brightness(std::string preferred_device, ChangeType change_type, double step);
+
+  void set_scaled_brightness(std::string preferred_device, int brightness);
+  int get_scaled_brightness(std::string preferred_device);
+
+  template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
+  static void upsert_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter, udev_device *dev);
+
+  template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
+  static void enumerate_devices(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter, udev *udev);
+
+  bool is_login_proxy_initialized() const { return static_cast<bool>(login_proxy_); }
+
+  template <class ForwardIt>
+  static const BacklightDevice *best_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, std::string_view);
+
+  std::vector<BacklightDevice> devices_;
+  std::mutex udev_thread_mutex_;
+
+ private:
+  void set_brightness_internal(std::string device_name, int brightness, int max_brightness);
+
+  std::function<void()> on_updated_cb_;
+  std::chrono::milliseconds polling_interval_;
+
+  std::optional<BacklightDevice> previous_best_;
+  // thread must destruct before shared data
+  util::SleeperThread udev_thread_;
+
+  Glib::RefPtr<Gio::DBus::Proxy> login_proxy_;
+
+  static constexpr int EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS = 16;
+};
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util

man/waybar-backlight-slider.5.scd

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+waybar-backlight-slider(5)
+
+# NAME
+
+waybar - backlight slider module
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+The *backlight slider* module displays and controls the current brightness of the default or preferred device.
+
+The brightness can be controlled by dragging the slider accross the bar, or clicking on a specific position.
+
+# CONFIGURATION
+
+*min*: ++
+    typeof: int ++
+    default: 0 ++
+    The minimum volume value the slider should display and set.
+
+*max*: ++
+    typeof: int ++
+    default: 100 ++
+    The maximum volume value the slider should display and set.
+
+*orientation*: ++
+    typeof: string ++
+    default: horizontal ++
+    The orientation of the slider. Can be either `horizontal` or `vertical`.
+
+*device*: ++
+    typeof: string ++
+    The name of the preferred device to control. If left empty, a device will be chosen automatically.
+
+# EXAMPLES
+
+```
+"modules-right": [
+    "backlight-slider",
+],
+"backlight/slider": {
+    "min": 0,
+    "max": 100,
+    "orientation": "horizontal",
+    "device": "intel_backlight"
+}
+```
+
+# STYLE
+
+The slider is a component with multiple CSS Nodes, of which the following are exposed:
+
+*#backlight-slider*: ++
+    Controls the style of the box *around* the slider and bar.
+
+*#backlight-slider slider*: ++
+    Controls the style of the slider handle.
+
+*#backlight-slider trough*: ++
+    Controls the style of the part of the bar that has not been filled.
+
+*#backlight-slider highlight*: ++
+    Controls the style of the part of the bar that has been filled.
+
+## STYLE EXAMPLE
+
+```
+#backlight-slider slider {
+    min-height: 0px;
+    min-width: 0px;
+    opacity: 0;
+    background-image: none;
+    border: none;
+    box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+#backlight-slider trough {
+    min-height: 80px;
+    min-width: 10px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    background-color: black;
+}
+
+#backlight-slider highlight {
+    min-width: 10px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    background-color: red;
+}
+```

man/waybar-pulseaudio-slider.5.scd

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+waybar-pulseaudio-slider(5)
+
+# NAME
+
+waybar - pulseaudio slider module
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+The *pulseaudio slider* module displays and controls the current volume of the default sink or source as a bar.
+
+The volume can be controlled by dragging the slider accross the bar, or clicking on a specific position.
+
+# CONFIGURATION
+
+*min*: ++
+    typeof: int ++
+    default: 0 ++
+    The minimum volume value the slider should display and set.
+
+*max*: ++
+    typeof: int ++
+    default: 100 ++
+    The maximum volume value the slider should display and set.
+
+*orientation*: ++
+    typeof: string ++
+    default: horizontal ++
+    The orientation of the slider. Can be either `horizontal` or `vertical`.
+
+# EXAMPLES
+
+```
+"modules-right": [
+    "pulseaudio-slider",
+],
+"pulseaudio/slider": {
+    "min": 0,
+    "max": 100,
+    "orientation": "horizontal"
+}
+```
+
+# STYLE
+
+The slider is a component with multiple CSS Nodes, of which the following are exposed:
+
+*#pulseaudio-slider*: ++
+    Controls the style of the box *around* the slider and bar.
+
+*#pulseaudio-slider slider*: ++
+    Controls the style of the slider handle.
+
+*#pulseaudio-slider trough*: ++
+    Controls the style of the part of the bar that has not been filled.
+
+*#pulseaudio-slider highlight*: ++
+    Controls the style of the part of the bar that has been filled.
+
+## STYLE EXAMPLE
+
+```
+#pulseaudio-slider slider {
+    min-height: 0px;
+    min-width: 0px;
+    opacity: 0;
+    background-image: none;
+    border: none;
+    box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+#pulseaudio-slider trough {
+    min-height: 80px;
+    min-width: 10px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    background-color: black;
+}
+
+#pulseaudio-slider highlight {
+    min-width: 10px;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+    background-color: green;
+}
+```

meson.build

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ src_files = files(
     'src/modules/image.cpp',
     'src/modules/temperature.cpp',
     'src/modules/user.cpp',
+    'src/ASlider.cpp',
     'src/main.cpp',
     'src/bar.cpp',
     'src/client.cpp',
@@ -273,6 +274,8 @@ endif
 if libpulse.found()
     add_project_arguments('-DHAVE_LIBPULSE', language: 'cpp')
     src_files += 'src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp'
+    src_files += 'src/modules/pulseaudio_slider.cpp'
+    src_files += 'src/util/audio_backend.cpp'
 endif
 
 if libjack.found()
@@ -298,6 +301,8 @@ endif
 if libudev.found() and (is_linux or libepoll.found())
     add_project_arguments('-DHAVE_LIBUDEV', language: 'cpp')
     src_files += 'src/modules/backlight.cpp'
+    src_files += 'src/modules/backlight_slider.cpp'
+    src_files += 'src/util/backlight_backend.cpp'
 endif
 
 if libevdev.found() and (is_linux or libepoll.found()) and libinput.found() and (is_linux or libinotify.found())
@@ -425,6 +430,7 @@ if scdoc.found()
     man_files = [
         main_manpage_path,
         'waybar-backlight.5.scd',
+        'waybar-backlight-slider.5.scd',
         'waybar-battery.5.scd',
         'waybar-cava.5.scd',
         'waybar-clock.5.scd',
@@ -440,6 +446,7 @@ if scdoc.found()
         'waybar-mpris.5.scd',
         'waybar-network.5.scd',
         'waybar-pulseaudio.5.scd',
+        'waybar-pulseaudio-slider.5.scd',
         'waybar-river-mode.5.scd',
         'waybar-river-tags.5.scd',
         'waybar-river-window.5.scd',

src/ASlider.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "ASlider.hpp"
+
+#include "gtkmm/adjustment.h"
+#include "gtkmm/enums.h"
+
+namespace waybar {
+
+ASlider::ASlider(const Json::Value& config, const std::string& name, const std::string& id)
+    : AModule(config, name, id, false, false),
+      vertical_(config_["orientation"].asString() == "vertical"),
+      scale_(vertical_ ? Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL : Gtk::ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL) {
+  scale_.set_name(name);
+  if (!id.empty()) {
+    scale_.get_style_context()->add_class(id);
+  }
+  event_box_.add(scale_);
+  scale_.signal_value_changed().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ASlider::onValueChanged));
+
+  if (config_["min"].isUInt()) {
+    min_ = config_["min"].asUInt();
+  }
+
+  if (config_["max"].isUInt()) {
+    max_ = config_["max"].asUInt();
+  }
+
+  scale_.set_inverted(vertical_);
+  scale_.set_draw_value(false);
+  scale_.set_adjustment(Gtk::Adjustment::create(curr_, min_, max_ + 1, 1, 1, 1));
+}
+
+void ASlider::onValueChanged() {}
+
+}  // namespace waybar

src/factory.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 #include "factory.hpp"
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBPULSE
+#include "modules/pulseaudio_slider.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUDEV
+#include "modules/backlight_slider.hpp"
+#endif
+
 waybar::Factory::Factory(const Bar& bar, const Json::Value& config) : bar_(bar), config_(config) {}
 
 waybar::AModule* waybar::Factory::makeModule(const std::string& name) const {
@@ -126,6 +134,9 @@ waybar::AModule* waybar::Factory::makeModule(const std::string& name) const {
     if (ref == "backlight") {
       return new waybar::modules::Backlight(id, config_[name]);
     }
+    if (ref == "backlight/slider") {
+      return new waybar::modules::BacklightSlider(id, config_[name]);
+    }
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBEVDEV
     if (ref == "keyboard-state") {
@@ -136,6 +147,9 @@ waybar::AModule* waybar::Factory::makeModule(const std::string& name) const {
     if (ref == "pulseaudio") {
       return new waybar::modules::Pulseaudio(id, config_[name]);
     }
+    if (ref == "pulseaudio/slider") {
+      return new waybar::modules::PulseaudioSlider(id, config_[name]);
+    }
 #endif
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBMPDCLIENT
     if (ref == "mpd") {

src/modules/backlight.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <libudev.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -9,179 +10,26 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <memory>
 
-namespace {
+#include "util/backend_common.hpp"
-class FileDescriptor {
+#include "util/backlight_backend.hpp"
- public:
-  explicit FileDescriptor(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
-  FileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor &other) = delete;
-  FileDescriptor(FileDescriptor &&other) noexcept = delete;
-  FileDescriptor &operator=(const FileDescriptor &other) = delete;
-  FileDescriptor &operator=(FileDescriptor &&other) noexcept = delete;
-  ~FileDescriptor() {
-    if (fd_ != -1) {
-      if (close(fd_) != 0) {
-        fmt::print(stderr, "Failed to close fd: {}\n", errno);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  int get() const { return fd_; }
-
- private:
-  int fd_;
-};
-
-struct UdevDeleter {
-  void operator()(udev *ptr) { udev_unref(ptr); }
-};
-
-struct UdevDeviceDeleter {
-  void operator()(udev_device *ptr) { udev_device_unref(ptr); }
-};
-
-struct UdevEnumerateDeleter {
-  void operator()(udev_enumerate *ptr) { udev_enumerate_unref(ptr); }
-};
-
-struct UdevMonitorDeleter {
-  void operator()(udev_monitor *ptr) { udev_monitor_unref(ptr); }
-};
-
-void check_eq(int rc, int expected, const char *message = "eq, rc was: ") {
-  if (rc != expected) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
-  }
-}
-
-void check_neq(int rc, int bad_rc, const char *message = "neq, rc was: ") {
-  if (rc == bad_rc) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
-  }
-}
-
-void check0(int rc, const char *message = "rc wasn't 0") { check_eq(rc, 0, message); }
-
-void check_gte(int rc, int gte, const char *message = "rc was: ") {
-  if (rc < gte) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
-  }
-}
-
-void check_nn(const void *ptr, const char *message = "ptr was null") {
-  if (ptr == nullptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error(message);
-  }
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::BacklightDev(std::string name, int actual, int max,
-                                                       bool powered)
-    : name_(std::move(name)), actual_(actual), max_(max), powered_(powered) {}
-
-std::string_view waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::name() const { return name_; }
-
-int waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::get_actual() const { return actual_; }
-
-void waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::set_actual(int actual) { actual_ = actual; }
-
-int waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::get_max() const { return max_; }
-
-void waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::set_max(int max) { max_ = max; }
-
-bool waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::get_powered() const { return powered_; }
-
-void waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev::set_powered(bool powered) { powered_ = powered; }
 
 waybar::modules::Backlight::Backlight(const std::string &id, const Json::Value &config)
     : ALabel(config, "backlight", id, "{percent}%", 2),
-      preferred_device_(config["device"].isString() ? config["device"].asString() : "") {
+      preferred_device_(config["device"].isString() ? config["device"].asString() : ""),
-  // Get initial state
+      backend(interval_, [this] { dp.emit(); }) {
-  {
+  dp.emit();
-    std::unique_ptr<udev, UdevDeleter> udev_check{udev_new()};
-    check_nn(udev_check.get(), "Udev check new failed");
-    enumerate_devices(devices_.begin(), devices_.end(), std::back_inserter(devices_),
-                      udev_check.get());
-    if (devices_.empty()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error("No backlight found");
-    }
-    dp.emit();
-  }
 
   // Set up scroll handler
   event_box_.add_events(Gdk::SCROLL_MASK | Gdk::SMOOTH_SCROLL_MASK);
   event_box_.signal_scroll_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Backlight::handleScroll));
-
-  // Connect to the login interface
-  login_proxy_ = Gio::DBus::Proxy::create_for_bus_sync(
-      Gio::DBus::BusType::BUS_TYPE_SYSTEM, "org.freedesktop.login1",
-      "/org/freedesktop/login1/session/self", "org.freedesktop.login1.Session");
-
-  udev_thread_ = [this] {
-    std::unique_ptr<udev, UdevDeleter> udev{udev_new()};
-    check_nn(udev.get(), "Udev new failed");
-
-    std::unique_ptr<udev_monitor, UdevMonitorDeleter> mon{
-        udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev.get(), "udev")};
-    check_nn(mon.get(), "udev monitor new failed");
-    check_gte(udev_monitor_filter_add_match_subsystem_devtype(mon.get(), "backlight", nullptr), 0,
-              "udev failed to add monitor filter: ");
-    udev_monitor_enable_receiving(mon.get());
-
-    auto udev_fd = udev_monitor_get_fd(mon.get());
-
-    auto epoll_fd = FileDescriptor{epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)};
-    check_neq(epoll_fd.get(), -1, "epoll init failed: ");
-    epoll_event ctl_event{};
-    ctl_event.events = EPOLLIN;
-    ctl_event.data.fd = udev_fd;
-
-    check0(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctl_event.data.fd, &ctl_event),
-           "epoll_ctl failed: {}");
-    epoll_event events[EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS];
-
-    while (udev_thread_.isRunning()) {
-      const int event_count = epoll_wait(epoll_fd.get(), events, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS,
-                                         std::chrono::milliseconds{interval_}.count());
-      if (!udev_thread_.isRunning()) {
-        break;
-      }
-      decltype(devices_) devices;
-      {
-        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
-        devices = devices_;
-      }
-      for (int i = 0; i < event_count; ++i) {
-        const auto &event = events[i];
-        check_eq(event.data.fd, udev_fd, "unexpected udev fd");
-        std::unique_ptr<udev_device, UdevDeviceDeleter> dev{udev_monitor_receive_device(mon.get())};
-        check_nn(dev.get(), "epoll dev was null");
-        upsert_device(devices.begin(), devices.end(), std::back_inserter(devices), dev.get());
-      }
-
-      // Refresh state if timed out
-      if (event_count == 0) {
-        enumerate_devices(devices.begin(), devices.end(), std::back_inserter(devices), udev.get());
-      }
-      {
-        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
-        devices_ = devices;
-      }
-      dp.emit();
-    }
-  };
 }
 
-waybar::modules::Backlight::~Backlight() = default;
-
 auto waybar::modules::Backlight::update() -> void {
-  decltype(devices_) devices;
+  GET_BEST_DEVICE(best, backend, preferred_device_);
-  {
-    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
-    devices = devices_;
-  }
 
-  const auto best = best_device(devices.cbegin(), devices.cend(), preferred_device_);
+  const auto previous_best_device = backend.get_previous_best_device();
   if (best != nullptr) {
-    if (previous_best_.has_value() && previous_best_.value() == *best &&
+    if (previous_best_device != nullptr && *previous_best_device == *best &&
         !previous_format_.empty() && previous_format_ == format_) {
       return;
     }
@@ -211,84 +59,16 @@ auto waybar::modules::Backlight::update() -> void {
       event_box_.hide();
     }
   } else {
-    if (!previous_best_.has_value()) {
+    if (previous_best_device == nullptr) {
       return;
     }
     label_.set_markup("");
   }
-  previous_best_ = best == nullptr ? std::nullopt : std::optional{*best};
+  backend.set_previous_best_device(best);
   previous_format_ = format_;
-  // Call parent update
   ALabel::update();
 }
 
-template <class ForwardIt>
-const waybar::modules::Backlight::BacklightDev *waybar::modules::Backlight::best_device(
-    ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, std::string_view preferred_device) {
-  const auto found = std::find_if(
-      first, last, [preferred_device](const auto &dev) { return dev.name() == preferred_device; });
-  if (found != last) {
-    return &(*found);
-  }
-
-  const auto max = std::max_element(
-      first, last, [](const auto &l, const auto &r) { return l.get_max() < r.get_max(); });
-
-  return max == last ? nullptr : &(*max);
-}
-
-template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
-void waybar::modules::Backlight::upsert_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter,
-                                               udev_device *dev) {
-  const char *name = udev_device_get_sysname(dev);
-  check_nn(name);
-
-  const char *actual_brightness_attr =
-      strncmp(name, "amdgpu_bl", 9) == 0 || strcmp(name, "apple-panel-bl") == 0
-          ? "brightness"
-          : "actual_brightness";
-
-  const char *actual = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, actual_brightness_attr);
-  const char *max = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "max_brightness");
-  const char *power = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "bl_power");
-
-  auto found =
-      std::find_if(first, last, [name](const auto &device) { return device.name() == name; });
-  if (found != last) {
-    if (actual != nullptr) {
-      found->set_actual(std::stoi(actual));
-    }
-    if (max != nullptr) {
-      found->set_max(std::stoi(max));
-    }
-    if (power != nullptr) {
-      found->set_powered(std::stoi(power) == 0);
-    }
-  } else {
-    const int actual_int = actual == nullptr ? 0 : std::stoi(actual);
-    const int max_int = max == nullptr ? 0 : std::stoi(max);
-    const bool power_bool = power == nullptr ? true : std::stoi(power) == 0;
-    *inserter = BacklightDev{name, actual_int, max_int, power_bool};
-    ++inserter;
-  }
-}
-
-template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
-void waybar::modules::Backlight::enumerate_devices(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
-                                                   Inserter inserter, udev *udev) {
-  std::unique_ptr<udev_enumerate, UdevEnumerateDeleter> enumerate{udev_enumerate_new(udev)};
-  udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate.get(), "backlight");
-  udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate.get());
-  udev_list_entry *enum_devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate.get());
-  udev_list_entry *dev_list_entry;
-  udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, enum_devices) {
-    const char *path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
-    std::unique_ptr<udev_device, UdevDeviceDeleter> dev{udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path)};
-    check_nn(dev.get(), "dev new failed");
-    upsert_device(first, last, inserter, dev.get());
-  }
-}
-
 bool waybar::modules::Backlight::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
   // Check if the user has set a custom command for scrolling
   if (config_["on-scroll-up"].isString() || config_["on-scroll-down"].isString()) {
@@ -296,14 +76,33 @@ bool waybar::modules::Backlight::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
   }
 
   // Fail fast if the proxy could not be initialized
-  if (!login_proxy_) {
+  if (!backend.is_login_proxy_initialized()) {
     return true;
   }
 
   // Check scroll direction
   auto dir = AModule::getScrollDir(e);
-  if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::NONE) {
+
-    return true;
+  // No worries, it will always be set because of the switch below. This is purely to suppress a
+  // warning
+  util::ChangeType ct = util::ChangeType::Increase;
+
+  switch (dir) {
+    case SCROLL_DIR::UP:
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case SCROLL_DIR::RIGHT:
+      ct = util::ChangeType::Increase;
+      break;
+
+    case SCROLL_DIR::DOWN:
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case SCROLL_DIR::LEFT:
+      ct = util::ChangeType::Decrease;
+      break;
+
+    case SCROLL_DIR::NONE:
+      return true;
+      break;
   }
 
   // Get scroll step
@@ -313,38 +112,7 @@ bool waybar::modules::Backlight::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
     step = config_["scroll-step"].asDouble();
   }
 
-  // Get the best device
+  backend.set_brightness(preferred_device_, ct, step);
-  decltype(devices_) devices;
-  {
-    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
-    devices = devices_;
-  }
-  const auto best = best_device(devices.cbegin(), devices.cend(), preferred_device_);
-
-  if (best == nullptr) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // Compute the absolute step
-  const auto abs_step = static_cast<int>(round(step * best->get_max() / 100.0f));
-
-  // Compute the new value
-  int new_value = best->get_actual();
-
-  if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::UP) {
-    new_value += abs_step;
-  } else if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::DOWN) {
-    new_value -= abs_step;
-  }
-
-  // Clamp the value
-  new_value = std::clamp(new_value, 0, best->get_max());
-
-  // Set the new value
-  auto call_args = Glib::VariantContainerBase(
-      g_variant_new("(ssu)", "backlight", std::string(best->name()).c_str(), new_value));
-
-  login_proxy_->call_sync("SetBrightness", call_args);
 
   return true;
 }

src/modules/backlight_slider.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "modules/backlight_slider.hpp"
+
+#include "ASlider.hpp"
+
+namespace waybar::modules {
+
+BacklightSlider::BacklightSlider(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
+    : ASlider(config, "backlight-slider", id),
+      interval_(config_["interval"].isUInt() ? config_["interval"].asUInt() : 1000),
+      preferred_device_(config["device"].isString() ? config["device"].asString() : ""),
+      backend(interval_, [this] { this->dp.emit(); }) {}
+
+void BacklightSlider::update() {
+  uint16_t brightness = backend.get_scaled_brightness(preferred_device_);
+  scale_.set_value(brightness);
+}
+
+void BacklightSlider::onValueChanged() {
+  auto brightness = scale_.get_value();
+  backend.set_scaled_brightness(preferred_device_, brightness);
+}
+
+}  // namespace waybar::modules

src/modules/pulseaudio.cpp

@@ -1,74 +1,12 @@
 #include "modules/pulseaudio.hpp"
 
 waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::Pulseaudio(const std::string &id, const Json::Value &config)
-    : ALabel(config, "pulseaudio", id, "{volume}%"),
+    : ALabel(config, "pulseaudio", id, "{volume}%") {
-      mainloop_(nullptr),
-      mainloop_api_(nullptr),
-      context_(nullptr),
-      sink_idx_(0),
-      volume_(0),
-      muted_(false),
-      source_idx_(0),
-      source_volume_(0),
-      source_muted_(false) {
-  mainloop_ = pa_threaded_mainloop_new();
-  if (mainloop_ == nullptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error("pa_mainloop_new() failed.");
-  }
-  pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(mainloop_);
-  mainloop_api_ = pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api(mainloop_);
-  context_ = pa_context_new(mainloop_api_, "waybar");
-  if (context_ == nullptr) {
-    throw std::runtime_error("pa_context_new() failed.");
-  }
-  if (pa_context_connect(context_, nullptr, PA_CONTEXT_NOFAIL, nullptr) < 0) {
-    auto err =
-        fmt::format("pa_context_connect() failed: {}", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context_)));
-    throw std::runtime_error(err);
-  }
-  pa_context_set_state_callback(context_, contextStateCb, this);
-  if (pa_threaded_mainloop_start(mainloop_) < 0) {
-    throw std::runtime_error("pa_mainloop_run() failed.");
-  }
-  pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mainloop_);
   event_box_.add_events(Gdk::SCROLL_MASK | Gdk::SMOOTH_SCROLL_MASK);
   event_box_.signal_scroll_event().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this, &Pulseaudio::handleScroll));
-}
 
-waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::~Pulseaudio() {
+  backend = util::AudioBackend::getInstance([this] { this->dp.emit(); });
-  pa_context_disconnect(context_);
+  backend->setIgnoredSinks(config_["ignored-sinks"]);
-  mainloop_api_->quit(mainloop_api_, 0);
-  pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(mainloop_);
-  pa_threaded_mainloop_free(mainloop_);
-}
-
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::contextStateCb(pa_context *c, void *data) {
-  auto pa = static_cast<waybar::modules::Pulseaudio *>(data);
-  switch (pa_context_get_state(c)) {
-    case PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED:
-      pa->mainloop_api_->quit(pa->mainloop_api_, 0);
-      break;
-    case PA_CONTEXT_READY:
-      pa_context_get_server_info(c, serverInfoCb, data);
-      pa_context_set_subscribe_callback(c, subscribeCb, data);
-      pa_context_subscribe(c,
-                           static_cast<enum pa_subscription_mask>(
-                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SERVER) |
-                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SINK) |
-                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SINK_INPUT) |
-                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SOURCE) |
-                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SOURCE_OUTPUT)),
-                           nullptr, nullptr);
-      break;
-    case PA_CONTEXT_FAILED:
-      pa->mainloop_api_->quit(pa->mainloop_api_, 1);
-      break;
-    case PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING:
-    case PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING:
-    case PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME:
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
 }
 
 bool waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
@@ -81,9 +19,6 @@ bool waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
   if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::NONE) {
     return true;
   }
-  double volume_tick = static_cast<double>(PA_VOLUME_NORM) / 100;
-  pa_volume_t change = volume_tick;
-  pa_cvolume pa_volume = pa_volume_;
   int max_volume = 100;
   double step = 1;
   // isDouble returns true for integers as well, just in case
@@ -91,152 +26,24 @@ bool waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::handleScroll(GdkEventScroll *e) {
     step = config_["scroll-step"].asDouble();
   }
   if (config_["max-volume"].isInt()) {
-    max_volume = std::min(config_["max-volume"].asInt(), static_cast<int>(PA_VOLUME_UI_MAX));
+    max_volume = config_["max-volume"].asInt();
   }
 
-  if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::UP) {
+  auto change_type = (dir == SCROLL_DIR::UP || dir == SCROLL_DIR::RIGHT)
-    if (volume_ < max_volume) {
+                         ? util::ChangeType::Increase
-      if (volume_ + step > max_volume) {
+                         : util::ChangeType::Decrease;
-        change = round((max_volume - volume_) * volume_tick);
+
-      } else {
+  backend->changeVolume(change_type, step, max_volume);
-        change = round(step * volume_tick);
-      }
-      pa_cvolume_inc(&pa_volume, change);
-    }
-  } else if (dir == SCROLL_DIR::DOWN) {
-    if (volume_ > 0) {
-      if (volume_ - step < 0) {
-        change = round(volume_ * volume_tick);
-      } else {
-        change = round(step * volume_tick);
-      }
-      pa_cvolume_dec(&pa_volume, change);
-    }
-  }
-  pa_context_set_sink_volume_by_index(context_, sink_idx_, &pa_volume, volumeModifyCb, this);
   return true;
 }
 
-/*
- * Called when an event we subscribed to occurs.
- */
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::subscribeCb(pa_context *context,
-                                              pa_subscription_event_type_t type, uint32_t idx,
-                                              void *data) {
-  unsigned facility = type & PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_FACILITY_MASK;
-  unsigned operation = type & PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_TYPE_MASK;
-  if (operation != PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_CHANGE) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SERVER) {
-    pa_context_get_server_info(context, serverInfoCb, data);
-  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SINK) {
-    pa_context_get_sink_info_by_index(context, idx, sinkInfoCb, data);
-  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SINK_INPUT) {
-    pa_context_get_sink_info_list(context, sinkInfoCb, data);
-  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SOURCE) {
-    pa_context_get_source_info_by_index(context, idx, sourceInfoCb, data);
-  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SOURCE_OUTPUT) {
-    pa_context_get_source_info_list(context, sourceInfoCb, data);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
- * Called in response to a volume change request
- */
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::volumeModifyCb(pa_context *c, int success, void *data) {
-  auto pa = static_cast<waybar::modules::Pulseaudio *>(data);
-  if (success != 0) {
-    pa_context_get_sink_info_by_index(pa->context_, pa->sink_idx_, sinkInfoCb, data);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
- * Called when the requested source information is ready.
- */
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::sourceInfoCb(pa_context * /*context*/, const pa_source_info *i,
-                                               int /*eol*/, void *data) {
-  auto pa = static_cast<waybar::modules::Pulseaudio *>(data);
-  if (i != nullptr && pa->default_source_name_ == i->name) {
-    auto source_volume = static_cast<float>(pa_cvolume_avg(&(i->volume))) / float{PA_VOLUME_NORM};
-    pa->source_volume_ = std::round(source_volume * 100.0F);
-    pa->source_idx_ = i->index;
-    pa->source_muted_ = i->mute != 0;
-    pa->source_desc_ = i->description;
-    pa->source_port_name_ = i->active_port != nullptr ? i->active_port->name : "Unknown";
-    pa->dp.emit();
-  }
-}
-
-/*
- * Called when the requested sink information is ready.
- */
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::sinkInfoCb(pa_context * /*context*/, const pa_sink_info *i,
-                                             int /*eol*/, void *data) {
-  if (i == nullptr) return;
-
-  auto pa = static_cast<waybar::modules::Pulseaudio *>(data);
-
-  if (pa->config_["ignored-sinks"].isArray()) {
-    for (const auto &ignored_sink : pa->config_["ignored-sinks"]) {
-      if (ignored_sink.asString() == i->description) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (pa->current_sink_name_ == i->name) {
-    if (i->state != PA_SINK_RUNNING) {
-      pa->current_sink_running_ = false;
-    } else {
-      pa->current_sink_running_ = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!pa->current_sink_running_ && i->state == PA_SINK_RUNNING) {
-    pa->current_sink_name_ = i->name;
-    pa->current_sink_running_ = true;
-  }
-
-  if (pa->current_sink_name_ == i->name) {
-    pa->pa_volume_ = i->volume;
-    float volume = static_cast<float>(pa_cvolume_avg(&(pa->pa_volume_))) / float{PA_VOLUME_NORM};
-    pa->sink_idx_ = i->index;
-    pa->volume_ = std::round(volume * 100.0F);
-    pa->muted_ = i->mute != 0;
-    pa->desc_ = i->description;
-    pa->monitor_ = i->monitor_source_name;
-    pa->port_name_ = i->active_port != nullptr ? i->active_port->name : "Unknown";
-    if (auto ff = pa_proplist_gets(i->proplist, PA_PROP_DEVICE_FORM_FACTOR)) {
-      pa->form_factor_ = ff;
-    } else {
-      pa->form_factor_ = "";
-    }
-    pa->dp.emit();
-  }
-}
-
-/*
- * Called when the requested information on the server is ready. This is
- * used to find the default PulseAudio sink.
- */
-void waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::serverInfoCb(pa_context *context, const pa_server_info *i,
-                                               void *data) {
-  auto pa = static_cast<waybar::modules::Pulseaudio *>(data);
-  pa->current_sink_name_ = i->default_sink_name;
-  pa->default_source_name_ = i->default_source_name;
-
-  pa_context_get_sink_info_list(context, sinkInfoCb, data);
-  pa_context_get_source_info_list(context, sourceInfoCb, data);
-}
-
 static const std::array<std::string, 9> ports = {
     "headphone", "speaker", "hdmi", "headset", "hands-free", "portable", "car", "hifi", "phone",
 };
 
 const std::vector<std::string> waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::getPulseIcon() const {
-  std::vector<std::string> res = {current_sink_name_, default_source_name_};
+  std::vector<std::string> res = {backend->getCurrentSinkName(), backend->getDefaultSourceName()};
-  std::string nameLC = port_name_ + form_factor_;
+  std::string nameLC = backend->getSinkPortName() + backend->getFormFactor();
   std::transform(nameLC.begin(), nameLC.end(), nameLC.begin(), ::tolower);
   for (auto const &port : ports) {
     if (nameLC.find(port) != std::string::npos) {
@@ -250,17 +57,16 @@ const std::vector<std::string> waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::getPulseIcon() const
 auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
   auto format = format_;
   std::string tooltip_format;
+  auto sink_volume = backend->getSinkVolume();
   if (!alt_) {
     std::string format_name = "format";
-    if (monitor_.find("a2dp_sink") != std::string::npos ||  // PulseAudio
+    if (backend->isBluetooth()) {
-        monitor_.find("a2dp-sink") != std::string::npos ||  // PipeWire
-        monitor_.find("bluez") != std::string::npos) {
       format_name = format_name + "-bluetooth";
       label_.get_style_context()->add_class("bluetooth");
     } else {
       label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("bluetooth");
     }
-    if (muted_) {
+    if (backend->getSinkMuted()) {
       // Check muted bluetooth format exist, otherwise fallback to default muted format
       if (format_name != "format" && !config_[format_name + "-muted"].isString()) {
         format_name = "format";
@@ -272,7 +78,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
       label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("muted");
       label_.get_style_context()->remove_class("sink-muted");
     }
-    auto state = getState(volume_, true);
+    auto state = getState(sink_volume, true);
     if (!state.empty() && config_[format_name + "-" + state].isString()) {
       format = config_[format_name + "-" + state].asString();
     } else if (config_[format_name].isString()) {
@@ -281,7 +87,7 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
   }
   // TODO: find a better way to split source/sink
   std::string format_source = "{volume}%";
-  if (source_muted_) {
+  if (backend->getSourceMuted()) {
     label_.get_style_context()->add_class("source-muted");
     if (config_["format-source-muted"].isString()) {
       format_source = config_["format-source-muted"].asString();
@@ -292,11 +98,16 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
       format_source = config_["format-source"].asString();
     }
   }
-  format_source = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_source), fmt::arg("volume", source_volume_));
+
+  auto source_volume = backend->getSourceVolume();
+  auto sink_desc = backend->getSinkDesc();
+  auto source_desc = backend->getSourceDesc();
+
+  format_source = fmt::format(fmt::runtime(format_source), fmt::arg("volume", source_volume));
   auto text = fmt::format(
-      fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
+      fmt::runtime(format), fmt::arg("desc", sink_desc), fmt::arg("volume", sink_volume),
-      fmt::arg("format_source", format_source), fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume_),
+      fmt::arg("format_source", format_source), fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume),
-      fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc_), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_, getPulseIcon())));
+      fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc), fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(sink_volume, getPulseIcon())));
   if (text.empty()) {
     label_.hide();
   } else {
@@ -310,12 +121,12 @@ auto waybar::modules::Pulseaudio::update() -> void {
     }
     if (!tooltip_format.empty()) {
       label_.set_tooltip_text(fmt::format(
-          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("desc", desc_), fmt::arg("volume", volume_),
+          fmt::runtime(tooltip_format), fmt::arg("desc", sink_desc),
-          fmt::arg("format_source", format_source), fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume_),
+          fmt::arg("volume", sink_volume), fmt::arg("format_source", format_source),
-          fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc_),
+          fmt::arg("source_volume", source_volume), fmt::arg("source_desc", source_desc),
-          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(volume_, getPulseIcon()))));
+          fmt::arg("icon", getIcon(sink_volume, getPulseIcon()))));
     } else {
-      label_.set_tooltip_text(desc_);
+      label_.set_tooltip_text(sink_desc);
     }
   }
 

src/modules/pulseaudio_slider.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "modules/pulseaudio_slider.hpp"
+
+namespace waybar::modules {
+
+PulseaudioSlider::PulseaudioSlider(const std::string& id, const Json::Value& config)
+    : ASlider(config, "pulseaudio-slider", id) {
+  backend = util::AudioBackend::getInstance([this] { this->dp.emit(); });
+  backend->setIgnoredSinks(config_["ignored-sinks"]);
+
+  if (config_["target"].isString()) {
+    std::string target = config_["target"].asString();
+    if (target == "sink") {
+      this->target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink;
+    } else if (target == "source") {
+      this->target = PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void PulseaudioSlider::update() {
+  switch (target) {
+    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
+      if (backend->getSinkMuted()) {
+        scale_.set_value(min_);
+      } else {
+        scale_.set_value(backend->getSinkVolume());
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
+      if (backend->getSourceMuted()) {
+        scale_.set_value(min_);
+      } else {
+        scale_.set_value(backend->getSourceVolume());
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void PulseaudioSlider::onValueChanged() {
+  bool is_mute = false;
+
+  switch (target) {
+    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
+      if (backend->getSinkMuted()) {
+        is_mute = true;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
+      if (backend->getSourceMuted()) {
+        is_mute = true;
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t volume = scale_.get_value();
+
+  if (is_mute) {
+    // Avoid setting sink/source to volume 0 if the user muted if via another mean.
+    if (volume == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the sink/source is mute, but the user clicked the slider, unmute it!
+    else {
+      switch (target) {
+        case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Sink:
+          backend->toggleSinkMute(false);
+          break;
+
+        case PulseaudioSliderTarget::Source:
+          backend->toggleSourceMute(false);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  backend->changeVolume(volume, min_, max_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace waybar::modules

src/util/audio_backend.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+#include "util/audio_backend.hpp"
+
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+#include <pulse/error.h>
+#include <pulse/subscribe.h>
+#include <pulse/volume.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+AudioBackend::AudioBackend(std::function<void()> on_updated_cb, private_constructor_tag tag)
+    : mainloop_(nullptr),
+      mainloop_api_(nullptr),
+      context_(nullptr),
+      sink_idx_(0),
+      volume_(0),
+      muted_(false),
+      source_idx_(0),
+      source_volume_(0),
+      source_muted_(false),
+      on_updated_cb_(on_updated_cb) {
+  mainloop_ = pa_threaded_mainloop_new();
+  if (mainloop_ == nullptr) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("pa_mainloop_new() failed.");
+  }
+  pa_threaded_mainloop_lock(mainloop_);
+  mainloop_api_ = pa_threaded_mainloop_get_api(mainloop_);
+  context_ = pa_context_new(mainloop_api_, "waybar");
+  if (context_ == nullptr) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("pa_context_new() failed.");
+  }
+  if (pa_context_connect(context_, nullptr, PA_CONTEXT_NOFAIL, nullptr) < 0) {
+    auto err =
+        fmt::format("pa_context_connect() failed: {}", pa_strerror(pa_context_errno(context_)));
+    throw std::runtime_error(err);
+  }
+  pa_context_set_state_callback(context_, contextStateCb, this);
+  if (pa_threaded_mainloop_start(mainloop_) < 0) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("pa_mainloop_run() failed.");
+  }
+  pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(mainloop_);
+}
+
+AudioBackend::~AudioBackend() {
+  if (context_ != nullptr) {
+    pa_context_disconnect(context_);
+  }
+
+  if (mainloop_ != nullptr) {
+    mainloop_api_->quit(mainloop_api_, 0);
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_stop(mainloop_);
+    pa_threaded_mainloop_free(mainloop_);
+  }
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<AudioBackend> AudioBackend::getInstance(std::function<void()> on_updated_cb) {
+  private_constructor_tag tag;
+  return std::make_shared<AudioBackend>(on_updated_cb, tag);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::contextStateCb(pa_context *c, void *data) {
+  auto backend = static_cast<AudioBackend *>(data);
+  switch (pa_context_get_state(c)) {
+    case PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED:
+      backend->mainloop_api_->quit(backend->mainloop_api_, 0);
+      break;
+    case PA_CONTEXT_READY:
+      pa_context_get_server_info(c, serverInfoCb, data);
+      pa_context_set_subscribe_callback(c, subscribeCb, data);
+      pa_context_subscribe(c,
+                           static_cast<enum pa_subscription_mask>(
+                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SERVER) |
+                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SINK) |
+                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SINK_INPUT) |
+                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SOURCE) |
+                               static_cast<int>(PA_SUBSCRIPTION_MASK_SOURCE_OUTPUT)),
+                           nullptr, nullptr);
+      break;
+    case PA_CONTEXT_FAILED:
+      backend->mainloop_api_->quit(backend->mainloop_api_, 1);
+      break;
+    case PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING:
+    case PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME:
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when an event we subscribed to occurs.
+ */
+void AudioBackend::subscribeCb(pa_context *context, pa_subscription_event_type_t type, uint32_t idx,
+                               void *data) {
+  unsigned facility = type & PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_FACILITY_MASK;
+  unsigned operation = type & PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_TYPE_MASK;
+  if (operation != PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_CHANGE) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SERVER) {
+    pa_context_get_server_info(context, serverInfoCb, data);
+  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SINK) {
+    pa_context_get_sink_info_by_index(context, idx, sinkInfoCb, data);
+  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SINK_INPUT) {
+    pa_context_get_sink_info_list(context, sinkInfoCb, data);
+  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SOURCE) {
+    pa_context_get_source_info_by_index(context, idx, sourceInfoCb, data);
+  } else if (facility == PA_SUBSCRIPTION_EVENT_SOURCE_OUTPUT) {
+    pa_context_get_source_info_list(context, sourceInfoCb, data);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called in response to a volume change request
+ */
+void AudioBackend::volumeModifyCb(pa_context *c, int success, void *data) {
+  auto backend = static_cast<AudioBackend *>(data);
+  if (success != 0) {
+    pa_context_get_sink_info_by_index(backend->context_, backend->sink_idx_, sinkInfoCb, data);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when the requested sink information is ready.
+ */
+void AudioBackend::sinkInfoCb(pa_context * /*context*/, const pa_sink_info *i, int /*eol*/,
+                              void *data) {
+  if (i == nullptr) return;
+
+  auto backend = static_cast<AudioBackend *>(data);
+
+  if (!backend->ignored_sinks_.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &ignored_sink : backend->ignored_sinks_) {
+      if (ignored_sink == i->description) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (backend->current_sink_name_ == i->name) {
+    if (i->state != PA_SINK_RUNNING) {
+      backend->current_sink_running_ = false;
+    } else {
+      backend->current_sink_running_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!backend->current_sink_running_ && i->state == PA_SINK_RUNNING) {
+    backend->current_sink_name_ = i->name;
+    backend->current_sink_running_ = true;
+  }
+
+  if (backend->current_sink_name_ == i->name) {
+    backend->pa_volume_ = i->volume;
+    float volume =
+        static_cast<float>(pa_cvolume_avg(&(backend->pa_volume_))) / float{PA_VOLUME_NORM};
+    backend->sink_idx_ = i->index;
+    backend->volume_ = std::round(volume * 100.0F);
+    backend->muted_ = i->mute != 0;
+    backend->desc_ = i->description;
+    backend->monitor_ = i->monitor_source_name;
+    backend->port_name_ = i->active_port != nullptr ? i->active_port->name : "Unknown";
+    if (auto ff = pa_proplist_gets(i->proplist, PA_PROP_DEVICE_FORM_FACTOR)) {
+      backend->form_factor_ = ff;
+    } else {
+      backend->form_factor_ = "";
+    }
+    backend->on_updated_cb_();
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when the requested source information is ready.
+ */
+void AudioBackend::sourceInfoCb(pa_context * /*context*/, const pa_source_info *i, int /*eol*/,
+                                void *data) {
+  auto backend = static_cast<AudioBackend *>(data);
+  if (i != nullptr && backend->default_source_name_ == i->name) {
+    auto source_volume = static_cast<float>(pa_cvolume_avg(&(i->volume))) / float{PA_VOLUME_NORM};
+    backend->source_volume_ = std::round(source_volume * 100.0F);
+    backend->source_idx_ = i->index;
+    backend->source_muted_ = i->mute != 0;
+    backend->source_desc_ = i->description;
+    backend->source_port_name_ = i->active_port != nullptr ? i->active_port->name : "Unknown";
+    backend->on_updated_cb_();
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called when the requested information on the server is ready. This is
+ * used to find the default PulseAudio sink.
+ */
+void AudioBackend::serverInfoCb(pa_context *context, const pa_server_info *i, void *data) {
+  auto backend = static_cast<AudioBackend *>(data);
+  backend->current_sink_name_ = i->default_sink_name;
+  backend->default_source_name_ = i->default_source_name;
+
+  pa_context_get_sink_info_list(context, sinkInfoCb, data);
+  pa_context_get_source_info_list(context, sourceInfoCb, data);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::changeVolume(uint16_t volume, uint16_t min_volume, uint16_t max_volume) {
+  double volume_tick = static_cast<double>(PA_VOLUME_NORM) / 100;
+  pa_cvolume pa_volume = pa_volume_;
+
+  volume = std::clamp(volume, min_volume, max_volume);
+  pa_cvolume_set(&pa_volume, pa_volume_.channels, volume * volume_tick);
+
+  pa_context_set_sink_volume_by_index(context_, sink_idx_, &pa_volume, volumeModifyCb, this);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::changeVolume(ChangeType change_type, double step, uint16_t max_volume) {
+  double volume_tick = static_cast<double>(PA_VOLUME_NORM) / 100;
+  pa_volume_t change = volume_tick;
+  pa_cvolume pa_volume = pa_volume_;
+
+  max_volume = std::min(max_volume, static_cast<uint16_t>(PA_VOLUME_UI_MAX));
+
+  if (change_type == ChangeType::Increase) {
+    if (volume_ < max_volume) {
+      if (volume_ + step > max_volume) {
+        change = round((max_volume - volume_) * volume_tick);
+      } else {
+        change = round(step * volume_tick);
+      }
+      pa_cvolume_inc(&pa_volume, change);
+    }
+  } else if (change_type == ChangeType::Decrease) {
+    if (volume_ > 0) {
+      if (volume_ - step < 0) {
+        change = round(volume_ * volume_tick);
+      } else {
+        change = round(step * volume_tick);
+      }
+      pa_cvolume_dec(&pa_volume, change);
+    }
+  }
+  pa_context_set_sink_volume_by_index(context_, sink_idx_, &pa_volume, volumeModifyCb, this);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::toggleSinkMute() {
+  muted_ = !muted_;
+  pa_context_set_sink_mute_by_index(context_, sink_idx_, muted_, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::toggleSinkMute(bool mute) {
+  muted_ = mute;
+  pa_context_set_sink_mute_by_index(context_, sink_idx_, muted_, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::toggleSourceMute() {
+  source_muted_ = !muted_;
+  pa_context_set_source_mute_by_index(context_, source_idx_, source_muted_, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::toggleSourceMute(bool mute) {
+  source_muted_ = mute;
+  pa_context_set_source_mute_by_index(context_, source_idx_, source_muted_, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+bool AudioBackend::isBluetooth() {
+  return monitor_.find("a2dp_sink") != std::string::npos ||  // PulseAudio
+         monitor_.find("a2dp-sink") != std::string::npos ||  // PipeWire
+         monitor_.find("bluez") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+void AudioBackend::setIgnoredSinks(const Json::Value &config) {
+  if (config.isArray()) {
+    for (const auto &ignored_sink : config) {
+      if (ignored_sink.isString()) {
+        ignored_sinks_.push_back(ignored_sink.asString());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util

src/util/backlight_backend.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+#include "util/backlight_backend.hpp"
+
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace {
+class FileDescriptor {
+ public:
+  explicit FileDescriptor(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
+  FileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor &other) = delete;
+  FileDescriptor(FileDescriptor &&other) noexcept = delete;
+  FileDescriptor &operator=(const FileDescriptor &other) = delete;
+  FileDescriptor &operator=(FileDescriptor &&other) noexcept = delete;
+  ~FileDescriptor() {
+    if (fd_ != -1) {
+      if (close(fd_) != 0) {
+        fmt::print(stderr, "Failed to close fd: {}\n", errno);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  int get() const { return fd_; }
+
+ private:
+  int fd_;
+};
+
+struct UdevDeleter {
+  void operator()(udev *ptr) { udev_unref(ptr); }
+};
+
+struct UdevDeviceDeleter {
+  void operator()(udev_device *ptr) { udev_device_unref(ptr); }
+};
+
+struct UdevEnumerateDeleter {
+  void operator()(udev_enumerate *ptr) { udev_enumerate_unref(ptr); }
+};
+
+struct UdevMonitorDeleter {
+  void operator()(udev_monitor *ptr) { udev_monitor_unref(ptr); }
+};
+
+void check_eq(int rc, int expected, const char *message = "eq, rc was: ") {
+  if (rc != expected) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
+  }
+}
+
+void check_neq(int rc, int bad_rc, const char *message = "neq, rc was: ") {
+  if (rc == bad_rc) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
+  }
+}
+
+void check0(int rc, const char *message = "rc wasn't 0") { check_eq(rc, 0, message); }
+
+void check_gte(int rc, int gte, const char *message = "rc was: ") {
+  if (rc < gte) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format(fmt::runtime(message), rc));
+  }
+}
+
+void check_nn(const void *ptr, const char *message = "ptr was null") {
+  if (ptr == nullptr) {
+    throw std::runtime_error(message);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace waybar::util {
+
+BacklightDevice::BacklightDevice(std::string name, int actual, int max, bool powered)
+    : name_(name), actual_(actual), max_(max), powered_(powered) {}
+
+std::string BacklightDevice::name() const { return name_; }
+
+int BacklightDevice::get_actual() const { return actual_; }
+
+void BacklightDevice::set_actual(int actual) { actual_ = actual; }
+
+int BacklightDevice::get_max() const { return max_; }
+
+void BacklightDevice::set_max(int max) { max_ = max; }
+
+bool BacklightDevice::get_powered() const { return powered_; }
+
+void BacklightDevice::set_powered(bool powered) { powered_ = powered; }
+
+BacklightBackend::BacklightBackend(std::chrono::milliseconds interval,
+                                   std::function<void()> on_updated_cb)
+    : on_updated_cb_(on_updated_cb), polling_interval_(interval), previous_best_({}) {
+  std::unique_ptr<udev, UdevDeleter> udev_check{udev_new()};
+  check_nn(udev_check.get(), "Udev check new failed");
+  enumerate_devices(devices_.begin(), devices_.end(), std::back_inserter(devices_),
+                    udev_check.get());
+  if (devices_.empty()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("No backlight found");
+  }
+
+  // Connect to the login interface
+  login_proxy_ = Gio::DBus::Proxy::create_for_bus_sync(
+      Gio::DBus::BusType::BUS_TYPE_SYSTEM, "org.freedesktop.login1",
+      "/org/freedesktop/login1/session/self", "org.freedesktop.login1.Session");
+
+  udev_thread_ = [this] {
+    std::unique_ptr<udev, UdevDeleter> udev{udev_new()};
+    check_nn(udev.get(), "Udev new failed");
+
+    std::unique_ptr<udev_monitor, UdevMonitorDeleter> mon{
+        udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev.get(), "udev")};
+    check_nn(mon.get(), "udev monitor new failed");
+    check_gte(udev_monitor_filter_add_match_subsystem_devtype(mon.get(), "backlight", nullptr), 0,
+              "udev failed to add monitor filter: ");
+    udev_monitor_enable_receiving(mon.get());
+
+    auto udev_fd = udev_monitor_get_fd(mon.get());
+
+    auto epoll_fd = FileDescriptor{epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC)};
+    check_neq(epoll_fd.get(), -1, "epoll init failed: ");
+    epoll_event ctl_event{};
+    ctl_event.events = EPOLLIN;
+    ctl_event.data.fd = udev_fd;
+
+    check0(epoll_ctl(epoll_fd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctl_event.data.fd, &ctl_event),
+           "epoll_ctl failed: {}");
+    epoll_event events[EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS];
+
+    while (udev_thread_.isRunning()) {
+      const int event_count =
+          epoll_wait(epoll_fd.get(), events, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, this->polling_interval_.count());
+      if (!udev_thread_.isRunning()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      decltype(devices_) devices;
+      {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
+        devices = devices_;
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < event_count; ++i) {
+        const auto &event = events[i];
+        check_eq(event.data.fd, udev_fd, "unexpected udev fd");
+        std::unique_ptr<udev_device, UdevDeviceDeleter> dev{udev_monitor_receive_device(mon.get())};
+        check_nn(dev.get(), "epoll dev was null");
+        upsert_device(devices.begin(), devices.end(), std::back_inserter(devices), dev.get());
+      }
+
+      // Refresh state if timed out
+      if (event_count == 0) {
+        enumerate_devices(devices.begin(), devices.end(), std::back_inserter(devices), udev.get());
+      }
+      {
+        std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(udev_thread_mutex_);
+        devices_ = devices;
+      }
+      this->on_updated_cb_();
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+template <class ForwardIt>
+const BacklightDevice *BacklightBackend::best_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
+                                                     std::string_view preferred_device) {
+  const auto found = std::find_if(
+      first, last, [preferred_device](const auto &dev) { return dev.name() == preferred_device; });
+  if (found != last) {
+    return &(*found);
+  }
+
+  const auto max = std::max_element(
+      first, last, [](const auto &l, const auto &r) { return l.get_max() < r.get_max(); });
+
+  return max == last ? nullptr : &(*max);
+}
+
+const BacklightDevice *BacklightBackend::get_previous_best_device() {
+  return previous_best_.has_value() ? &(*previous_best_) : nullptr;
+}
+
+void BacklightBackend::set_previous_best_device(const BacklightDevice *device) {
+  if (device == nullptr) {
+    previous_best_ = std::nullopt;
+  } else {
+    previous_best_ = std::optional{*device};
+  }
+}
+
+void BacklightBackend::set_scaled_brightness(std::string preferred_device, int brightness) {
+  GET_BEST_DEVICE(best, (*this), preferred_device);
+
+  if (best != nullptr) {
+    const auto max = best->get_max();
+    const auto abs_val = static_cast<int>(round(brightness * max / 100.0f));
+    set_brightness_internal(best->name(), abs_val, best->get_max());
+  }
+}
+
+void BacklightBackend::set_brightness(std::string preferred_device, ChangeType change_type,
+                                      double step) {
+  GET_BEST_DEVICE(best, (*this), preferred_device);
+
+  if (best != nullptr) {
+    const auto max = best->get_max();
+
+    const auto abs_step = static_cast<int>(round(step * max / 100.0f));
+
+    const int new_brightness = change_type == ChangeType::Increase ? best->get_actual() + abs_step
+                                                                   : best->get_actual() - abs_step;
+    set_brightness_internal(best->name(), new_brightness, max);
+  }
+}
+
+void BacklightBackend::set_brightness_internal(std::string device_name, int brightness,
+                                               int max_brightness) {
+  brightness = std::clamp(brightness, 0, max_brightness);
+
+  auto call_args = Glib::VariantContainerBase(
+      g_variant_new("(ssu)", "backlight", device_name.c_str(), brightness));
+
+  login_proxy_->call_sync("SetBrightness", call_args);
+}
+
+int BacklightBackend::get_scaled_brightness(std::string preferred_device) {
+  GET_BEST_DEVICE(best, (*this), preferred_device);
+
+  if (best != nullptr) {
+    return best->get_actual() * 100 / best->get_max();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
+void BacklightBackend::upsert_device(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter,
+                                     udev_device *dev) {
+  const char *name = udev_device_get_sysname(dev);
+  check_nn(name);
+
+  const char *actual_brightness_attr =
+      strncmp(name, "amdgpu_bl", 9) == 0 || strcmp(name, "apple-panel-bl") == 0
+          ? "brightness"
+          : "actual_brightness";
+
+  const char *actual = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, actual_brightness_attr);
+  const char *max = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "max_brightness");
+  const char *power = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, "bl_power");
+
+  auto found =
+      std::find_if(first, last, [name](const auto &device) { return device.name() == name; });
+  if (found != last) {
+    if (actual != nullptr) {
+      found->set_actual(std::stoi(actual));
+    }
+    if (max != nullptr) {
+      found->set_max(std::stoi(max));
+    }
+    if (power != nullptr) {
+      found->set_powered(std::stoi(power) == 0);
+    }
+  } else {
+    const int actual_int = actual == nullptr ? 0 : std::stoi(actual);
+    const int max_int = max == nullptr ? 0 : std::stoi(max);
+    const bool power_bool = power == nullptr ? true : std::stoi(power) == 0;
+    *inserter = BacklightDevice{name, actual_int, max_int, power_bool};
+    ++inserter;
+  }
+}
+
+template <class ForwardIt, class Inserter>
+void BacklightBackend::enumerate_devices(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Inserter inserter,
+                                         udev *udev) {
+  std::unique_ptr<udev_enumerate, UdevEnumerateDeleter> enumerate{udev_enumerate_new(udev)};
+  udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(enumerate.get(), "backlight");
+  udev_enumerate_scan_devices(enumerate.get());
+  udev_list_entry *enum_devices = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(enumerate.get());
+  udev_list_entry *dev_list_entry;
+  udev_list_entry_foreach(dev_list_entry, enum_devices) {
+    const char *path = udev_list_entry_get_name(dev_list_entry);
+    std::unique_ptr<udev_device, UdevDeviceDeleter> dev{udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, path)};
+    check_nn(dev.get(), "dev new failed");
+    upsert_device(first, last, inserter, dev.get());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace waybar::util